Read about the strange relationship between opposites: Consciousness and free will

the brain — **Where does consciousness reside? Everywhere**

In “What is the Measure of Consciousness” and “Is A Rock Conscious?“ we take consciousness from its indescribable, unfindable, unscientific, mysterious, anthropomorphic foundations and move it to something that can be identified, measured, qualified, and quantified.

It allows us to move from seemingly simple questions that cannot be answered — “Is this conscious?” and if so, “How conscious?” — and provide a straightforward answer.

“It is conscious, and its consciousness can be determined and measured by its response to stimuli.

Since everything, from an electron to the universe responds to stimuli, everything is conscious, the measure being the quantity and quality of the stimuli and the responses.

In “Does Free Will Exist?” and “More about non-existent free will,” we remind the reader that the brain—what you think, believe, and do—is affected by chemicals and electrical signals.

So, we cannot claim free will when continually exposed to such chemicals as Cortisol, Thyroid Hormones, Estrogen and Testosterone, Insulin. Melatonin, Serotonin, Dopamine. Ghrelin, Leptin, Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine, along with physical exhaustion, thirst, hunger, odors, sound, touch, pain, temperature, disease, age, and all the other physical and psychological inputs.

You cannot know the current effects of all those inputs at any point in time, much less filter them out to arrive at purely “free will.”

The inescapable conclusion is that while, to some degree, everything is conscious, nothing has free will.

Yet they are intuitively related, sometimes in the reverse. That is, our intuition says that many things are not conscious and many things do have free will.

As the history of human thought, and specifically the recent Relativity and Quantum Mechanics theories, have taught us, our intuition is not reality.

Intuition works reasonably well when helping us survive in our limited lifestyles, but it is a complete bust when we try to discover the secrets of the universe.

Very few things are as they seem to us.

The stars, sun, and moon do not rotate around us. Nothing can exceed the speed of light, though entangled particles seem to do it.

When we go very fast, we age slower and lengthen, and very small things can be in two places simultaneously.

And if those weren’t weird enough, our mere observation can change reality.

There is a commonality among consciousness, free will, Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics. All involve intuition.

Intuition is that gut feeling or instinctive knowing without the need for conscious reasoning. It’s like a mental shortcut that helps you make decisions quickly.
Think of it as your brain drawing on past experiences, patterns, and subconscious cues to guide you, often without you even realizing it.

Historically, arguments about the existence of consciousness and free will have been based on “my intuition is better than your intuition,“ not on what we consider scientific reasoning.

The people who have told me that free will does exist are absolutely positive about this. Why? They feel they are free to make their own decisions.

However, they cannot know how chemicals and physical sensing impact their judgment and decision-making. They are like people who have never been away from home, arguing against the existence of homesickness. The brain cannot tell what effects have changed it.

They do not know what they cannot know.

No brain can process all available information, so brains take shortcuts and make assumptions. The brain survives by filling the sensory blanks with illusions.

The brain cannot process its inner workings. It receives electronic inputs related to light, sound, and touch. It creates illusions about what those inputs mean, then sends signals to itself and other parts of the body based on interpretations of the illusions.

We name that translation “consciousness.”

The problem occurs when you get to specifics.

Question: Is a bee conscious?

AI Answer: Consciousness involves awareness of oneself and the environment. While bees exhibit complex behaviors and communication skills, whether they possess consciousness similar to humans is still debated. They operate on instinct and learned behaviors but don’t seem to have self-awareness.

Question: Do bees play?:

Answer: If bumblebees can play, does it mean they have feelings? This study suggests yes

The industrious insects can count and alter their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists say there’s proof they also like to play. A study recently published in Animal Behavior suggests that bumblebees, when given the chance, like to fool around with toys.

Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could opt to pass through a separate section with a smattering of small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive to do so.”

The study’s first author, Samadi Galpayage, at Queen Mary University of London, added that it is yet more evidence that insects may be capable of experiencing feelings.

“They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if rudimentary like other larger animals do.

The finding suggests that insects, like humans, interact with inanimate objects as a form of play. Similar to people, younger bees seemed to be more playful than adult bees.

drowsy — **We do not know which thousands of stimuli affect our feelings, beliefs, decisions, and actions at any given moment.**

SUMMARY

While people may equate free will with consciousness, the two are mutually exclusive.

The measure of consciousness is reaction to stimuli, but reacting to stimuli eliminates freedom of will.

If reactions to stimuli define and measure consciousness, then everything that reacts is conscious on some level.

And if “free will” means being unaffected by external and internal influences, it cannot exist. Nothing is immune to inputs.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

PS As I was writing this, I became very drowsy and was going to quit. Hey, I’m nearly 90 years old.

But I drank a can of Celsius, which contains lots of “B” vitamins, plus the equivalent of two cups of coffee. All those chemicals made my drowsiness evaporate, so I’m able to finish this post.

One might argue that my “free will” let me continue, but that doesn’t consider all the other things going on in my body — all the medicines, breakfast foods, temperature, the comfort of my chair, etc. — that made me keep writing.

Free will is a placebo, an illusion, though a pretty strong one. Monetary Sovereignty

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More about non-existent “free will”

In the post “Does Free Will Exist?” we argue that it does not exist and is nothing but an illusion.

Free will is a philosophical and scientific concept that refers to the ability to choose between different possible courses of action. It implies that humans can act independently of any prior event, state of the universe, or outside influence.

Free will is often contrasted with determinism, the view that human actions are predetermined by natural laws or causal factors. Free will is a logically impossible illusion.

If you believe “free will” exists, try this experiment: Ask someone with autism to stop spinning, hand-flapping, and all the other stemming they do. Assuming they would like to stop and indeed do stop, this might come closer to demonstrating free will.

But my guess is that this simple “cure” for autism won’t work, and the people will demonstrate they don’t have free will. Eerie Personality Changes Sometimes Happen After Organ Transplants

The counter-argument might be that they have free will for some things, and others are beyond their ability to stop — sort of a partial free will.

But I claim free will does not exist in any form, not even a little. Everything we think of as “free will” is our brain giving us orders based on chemicals and neuron communications.

I recognize that proving free will exists is difficult because it’s hard to prove that chemicals and electrical communications do not cause any specific thought.

But I keep seeing evidence free-will doesn’t exist.

Here are excerpts from the latest:

Eerie Personality Changes Sometimes Happen After Organ Transplants, Health, 17 May 2024, By Carly Cassella

Ever since the first human heart transplants back in 1967, patients have reported, often reluctantly, some eerie and inexplicable changes to their personalities.

Following surgery, some say they feel less like themselves and more like their donor. For instance, one transplant recipient in the 1990s reported suddenly developing a love for music after receiving the heart of a young male musician.

“I could never play before, but after my transplant, I began to love music. I felt it in my heart,” she told scientists in a paper published in 2000.

Other transplant recipients say they developed new tastes for food, art, sex, or careers following their surgeries.

Some even claim to have new “memories” implanted.

A 56-year-old college professor received the heart of a police officer killed by a gunshot to the face. After the transplant, the recipient said they had dreams of “a flash of light right in my face… Just before that time, I would get a glimpse of Jesus.” “That’s exactly how Carl died,” the donor’s wife told researchers. She said the main suspect looks “sort of like some of the pictures of Jesus.”

An online survey among 23 heart recipients and 24 other organ recipients found nearly 90 percent experienced personality changes after transplant surgery, no matter the organ they received.

Most of these changes had to do with temperament, emotions, food, identity, religious/spiritual beliefs, or memories.

Brian Carter and his colleagues at CU conclude that “heart transplant recipients may not be unique in their experience of personality changes following transplantation.”

Instead, they argue that “such changes may occur following the transplantation of any organ” and that this demands further research.

Liver or kidney transplant patients in previous studies tend to report changing feelings of stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues.

The “systemic memory hypothesis” predicts that all living cells possess “memory”, and that a transplant recipient can sense a donor’s history through their tissue.

Although a transplant organ’s nerve connections are severed, nerves may still function within the organ. Some evidence suggests nerve connections may be partially restored a year after transplant surgery.

Neurotransmitter interactions based on donor memories might then cause a physiological response to the recipient’s nervous system that impacts their personality.

The study was published in Transplantology.

The study is too small to be definitive, but when added to other facts, it does seem to support the absence of free will.

As we age, the brain undergoes synaptic pruning—which essentially “cleans house” by removing less-used neural connections. This process is influenced by several factors:

The brain tends to keep the neural pathways that are frequently used and eliminate those that are rarely activated. By pruning unused connections, the brain can function more efficiently, allowing it to process information quicker and more effectively.

Genetic factors play a role in how and when this pruning occurs. Exposure to new experiences, learning, and mental stimulation can impact which connections are maintained and or pruned.

Essentially, the brain optimizes itself based on our behaviors and experiences, and none of this is under our will or control. It happens without our knowledge.

A child’s brain changes second by second in structure and in the chemical and electrical inputs it receives. These chemicals and inputs continuously change the child’s desires and beliefs.

We all know that what a child thinks today will change tomorrow and every day after that.

We know that a 5-year-old doesn’t have the judgment of a 30-year-old, and let’s not even talk about teenage judgment.

Input and structure, neither of which are under our intentional control, guide our thoughts and actions. Yet some people claim we have “free will.”

How can we have free will if our brains and our inputs keep changing, unintentionally and unbeknown to us?

There can be no argument that drugs not only affect the brain and the body; for many drugs, that is their very purpose.

Antidepressants can help improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression, but they can also cause side effects like changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and energy levels.

Antipsychotics treat conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and can affect thinking and behavior, sometimes causing drowsiness or changes in personality.

Stimulants: Drugs like caffeine, nicotine, and prescription medications for ADHD can increase alertness and energy but may also lead to anxiety or irritability.

Benzodiazepines: Often prescribed for anxiety, these can have a calming effect but may also cause drowsiness and changes in mood or behavior.

Opioids: Used for pain relief, these can affect mood and behavior, sometimes leading to euphoria or, conversely, depression and anxiety.

Additionally, our thinking is affected by natural chemicals, which are unique to each person. Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid all affect thinking, feeling, and acting.

Then we have hormones like testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin, the combination of which can dramatically affect what we think, feel, want, believe, and do.

Does Free Will exist?

The question, “What is consciousness?” has been called a “hard problem” because consciousness is difficult to identify, define, measure, categorize, and locate in the brain. Some people use the word “awareness,” thinking they have answered the question, but awareness is just a synonym that merely shifts the question to “What is awareness.” For centuries, philosophers and physical scientists have debated the possible consciousness of entities such as a sleeping person, an “unconscious” person, a dog, a fish, a bee, a tree, a flower, a bacterium, an electron, a rock, the earth, the universe, a fire, etc. Some claim consciousness only occurs in a brain or nerves, definitions that omit the awareness of trees to pathogens, and the signals trees give and receive when attacked by diseases, bugs, and even humans. I suggest that if we argue about something, we at least should be able to identify the thing we’re arguing about, and not give it a vague, non-specific, moving-target identity, that will cause further confusion.

In previous posts — Is A Rock Conscious, What is the Measure of Consciousness? and Be more creative and exercise your brain by working the so-called “hard problems,” — we describe consciousness as the perception of, and the reaction to, stimuli. Everything perceives and reacts to stimuli, and this perception and reaction can be measured. No mystical, magical, “my-intuition-is-better-than-your-ition” silliness. It’s perception and reaction. They are simple, straightforward, measurable, and comparable among entities. It’s a definition that allows for discussions about which entities have more consciousness than others, without resorting to the mysticism of the unknowable. And that brings us to “What is free will.” It’s become an even harder problem than “What is consciousness” because while consciousness exists, free will doesn’t. “Free will” is defined as “the ability to act at one’s own discretion,” but “discretion” needs a definition. I suggest that when people claim they have free will or act at their own discretion, they mean that their discretion is independent of any physical, chemical, or electrical stimulus and is a product of pure reason. If you have a better definition of free will, please let me know what it is. Meanwhile, I suggest that free will is an illusion. It does not exist. You are not the master of your brain. Your brain is the master of you, and its operation is based on its chemistry, electricity, and structure. That is how you make your choices. Don’t think your choices are made by some mysterious inner voice that somehow is not connected to the cells and chemicals in your brain. Test your opinion against these thoughts:

1. Does a drunk have “free will”? No, because the artificial chemicals in his brain make him alter his behavior.

2. Does an obese person have difficulty losing weight even when they want to? Yes, the natural chemicals in his cells make him eat more or what he knows he shouldn’t.” Free will?

3. Can fear change your brain chemistry and make you shake, make your heart pump, and make you forget what you wanted to say? Free will?

insomnia — **I try and try, but I just can’t get to sleep.**

4. Have you ever experienced a so-called “earworm,” a song that makes you keep humming it, even when you would like to forget it. Free will?

5. Is it free will that makes you toss and turn and stay awake when you are worrying but desperately want to sleep? Free will?

6. Addiction and substance dependence hijacks the brain’s reward system and makes you demand more and more. Free will?

7. Phobias: Irrational fears control your behavior, making you do things you otherwise wouldn’t do. Free will?

8. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Compulsions make you do things beyond your control. Free will?

9. PTSD: Traumatic experiences trigger involuntary responses and behaviors. Free will?

10. Depression: Chemical imbalances cause hopelessness and lack of motivation. Free will?

11. Schizophrenia: Delusions and hallucinations overpower rational decision-making. Free will?

12. Stress: Cortisol release impacts decision-making and behavior under pressure. Free will?

13, Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like thyroid issues can affect mood and behavior. Free will?

14. Dementia: Cognitive decline disrupts reasoning and decision-making abilities. Free will?

15, Medication Side Effects: Drugs can alter mood and behavior, impacting decisions. Free will?

hypnotist hypnotizing someone — **Free will? “Yes master,”**

16. Social Conditioning: Lifelong habits and beliefs formed by society influence choices. Free will?

In each case I have bolded words (“make,” “involuntary, “cause,” “overpower,” “impact,” “affect,” “disrupt,” “alter,” and “influence”) to indicate changes of your decisions and your actions against your free will. These examples illustrate how brain chemistry and external factors often override what we perceive as free will. Stop for a moment and try to think about all your decisions, actions, preferences and beliefs that are based strictly on your free will, and not in opposition. How often have you used words indicating your lack of free will? I couldn’t help myself getting angry. I simply had to eat that cake. I knew it was dumb to buy that dress, but I did it anyway. Your decision-making is not based on magic. It is based on the chemicals, electrical signals, and physical structure of your brain. If you are smart, you will make better decisions than if you are not. But what makes you bright? As you age from newborn to child, teenager to adult, and elderly, you’re still the same human being, and you still feel you have free will. But your brain chemistry and structure change, along with your experiences and your desires. In old age, why do you look back and think of the stupid things you did as a teenager? Why did you do them? Your desires were affected by your brain’s chemicals, electrical signals and physical structure, all of which change daily. The phrase, “I don’t feel like it, today” — we all have said it on occasion — but why don’t we feel like it today, but did feel like it yesterday? Perhaps it’s your hormones that are making decisions for you:

Cortisol is released in response to stress. Prolonged high levels can lead to memory issues and mood disorders.

Thyroid Hormones are vital for brain development and function. They regulate metabolism and are crucial for cognitive processes..

Estrogen and Testosterone influence brain regions involved in learning, memory, sexual behaviors, and emotion processing.

Insulin affects neuronal activity and brain function by regulating blood sugar levels.

Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is important for maintaining circadian rhythms

Serotonin plays a key role in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite.

Dopamine is involved in reward, motivation, and motor control. Imbalances can be linked to schizophrenia.

Ghrelin and Leptin regulate hunger and satiety, influencing eating behaviors and energy balance

teen love — **I know this is stupid, but . . .**

Any changes in any of these hormones and you will think and act differently?

See: Hormones Affect Our Physiology and Behavior Parents often blame their teenager’s unpredictable behavior on hormones, but those molecules play a crucial role in the brain. Neurons can quickly deliver the brain’s messages to precise targets in the body. Hormones, on the other hand, deliver messages more slowly but can affect a larger set of tissues, producing large-scale changes in metabolism, growth, and behavior. The brain is one of the tissues that “listens” for hormonal signals — neurons throughout the brain are studded with hormone receptors — and the brain’s responses play an important part in regulating hormone secretion and changing behaviors to keep body systems in equilibrium.

Have you ever heard the term amygdala hijack“?

Psychologist Daniel Goleman first used the term “amygdala hijacking” in his 1995 book “Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ.”

It refers to situations wherein the amygdala hijacks control of a person’s ability to respond rationally to a threat. This leads to the person reacting in an intense, emotional way that may be disproportionate to the situation.

Without the ability to use their frontal lobes, people are unable to think clearly, and they are not in control of their responses.

The amygdala triggers the release of hormones as part of the fight-or-flight reaction to a threat.

compulsion — **Fight-or-flight response**

Amygdala hijack takes place when the structure triggers the fight-or-flight reaction when it is not warranted. The person is then unable to come to their own rational conclusion about how to react.

The amygdala causes the adrenal glands to release the hormones adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline causes the air passages in the body to dilate. This allows the body to supply more oxygen than usual to the muscles.

This hormone also causes the blood vessels to contract, allowing the body to redirect blood to the major muscle groups, including the heart and lungs.

The release of adrenaline also causes the pupils to dilate, thereby enhancing a person’s vision.

During the fight-or-flight response process, the body also increases its blood sugar levels in order to increase energy levels.

All of these reactions allow a person to fight the danger more effectively or to flee from it if necessary.

During amygdala hijack, a person may react in a way that they could regret later. This may include being aggressive, argumentative, or violent in a manner that is dramatically out of proportion to the situation.

When I attend a scary movie, and a monster leaps into a close-up, I involuntarily jump and my heart races. When I view a sex scene, I may be aroused. A chase scene might make my heart beat faster. A sad scene might depress me. All of this is automatic and involuntary. Do you still think you have Free Will? Monetary Sovereignty Twitter: @rodgermitchell Search #monetarysovereignty Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell; MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell; https://www.academia.edu/

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The Sole Purpose of Government Is to Improve and Protect the Lives of the People.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY

Free will. Why you don’t have it.

Last week I published an article claiming that free will does not and cannot exist. Unfortunately, I neglected to define “free will,” a serious omission.

Wikipedia says, “Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses, unimpeded.

Psychology Today says, “If we have free will, we can consciously make decisions that are not determined by the physics and biology of our brains.

Encyclopedia Brittanica says, “Free will, in humans, is the power or capacity to choose among alternatives or to act in certain situations independently of natural, social, or divine restraints.

So if free will is to exist, it must exist unimpeded, outside the physics and biology of our brains, independently of natural, social or divine restrains. Image result for magic

In short, it would have to be magic, not science, for magic is the only thing that meets the above criteria.

Consider these excerpts from an article in Discover Magazine:

Grandma’s Experiences Leave a Mark on Your Genes
Your ancestors’ lousy childhoods or excellent adventures might change your personality, bequeathing anxiety or resilience by altering the epigenetic expressions of genes in the brain.

Originally these epigenetic changes were believed to occur only during fetal development. But pioneering studies showed that molecular bric-a-brac could be added to DNA in adulthood.

Without any change to DNA at all, methyl groups could be added or subtracted, and the changes were inherited much like a mutation in a gene.

According to the new insights of behavioral epigenetics, traumatic experiences in our past, or in our recent ancestors’ past, leave molecular scars adhering to our DNA.

Our experiences, and those of our forebears, are never gone, even if they have been forgotten. They become a part of us, a molecular residue holding fast to our genetic scaffolding.

The DNA remains the same, but psychological and behavioral tendencies are inherited.

You might have inherited not just your grandmother’s knobby knees, but also her predisposition toward depression caused by the neglect she suffered as a newborn.

If your personality, psychological and behavior tendencies and your predisposition toward depression, not only are part of your DNA, but are inherited, how does this square with the notion of making decisions not determined by the physics and biology of our brains?

It doesn’t.

The attachment of methyl groups (to DNA) significantly alters the behavior of whichever gene they wed, inhibiting its transcription.

In the pups of inattentive mouse mothers, genes regulating sensitivity to stress hormones, are highly methylated; in the pups of conscientious moms, the genes for the glucocorticoid receptors were rarely methylated.

(Experimenters took yet another litter of rats raised by rotten mothers. After the usual damage had been done, they infused the mouse brains with trichostatin A, a drug that can remove methyl groups.

These animals showed none of the behavioral deficits usually seen in such offspring, and their brains showed none of the epigenetic changes.

In short, brain chemicals altered personality and behavior, which is obvious in humans, too.

Consider the personality and behavior changes in humans who have been drinking, taking other drugs, suffering from post-partum depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or physical brain damage.

Think of what free will — “decisions that are not determined by the physics and biology of our brains” — means for these people.

Their decisions and behavior, indeed all our decisions and behavior, clearly are determined by the physics and biology of their brains.

And here is a finding the Trump administration should heed:

The early stress of separation from a biological parent impacts long-term programming of genome function.

The parent-child forced separation of immigrant families permanently changes the children’s brains and thus their future life’s behaviors.

Our immigration methods are creating malformed children, who will engage in maladopted actions.

But we cannot control what we do and what we believe.

Some people believe that while animals don’t have free will — their actions supposedly are based solely on instinct — humans do. The author wrote:

“We know humans have free will because we’re able to evaluate a set of different options and make a conscious decision as to which of them we’re going to choose.”

But doesn’t a pride of lions on the hunt “evaluate a set of different options” and make decisions about them? Would that be “free will”?

Functional Fingerprint’ May Identify Brains Over a Lifetime, By Raleigh McElvery, Quanta Magazine, August 16, 2018

The physical links between brain regions, collectively known as the “connectome,” differentiate us from one another.

The functional connectome maps the brain regions that coordinate to carry out specific tasks and to influence behavior.

Identifying, tracking and modeling the functional connectome could expose how brain signatures lead to variations in behavior and, in some cases, confer a higher risk of developing certain neuropsychiatric conditions.

Roughly 30 percent of the connectome is unique to the individual. The majority of these regions tend to govern “higher order” tasks that require more cognitive processing, such as learning, memory and attention.

The brain is a physical object. It, and the rest of the nervous system are composed of atoms, which in turn are composed of smaller quantum particles.

The actions of atoms and quantum particles are controlled, in a cause/effect manner, by other atoms, particles and fields, dating back to the beginning of time.

All our actions and beliefs “are determined by the physics and biology of our brains.” There is no known force that can bypass the atoms, quantum particles, the physics and biology of our brains.

The human nervous system does all our thinking and planning, and directs all our actions.

There is no scientific basis for the existence of something called “free will.” It is an illusion, created by our brains, to explain our efforts to control our actions.

Image result for railroad warning lights — **When these lights flash sequentially, it is impossible for you not to see them as moving back and forth, no matter how hard you try.**

Everything you do, believe, and imagine results from the physical actions of physical atoms in your nervous system — actions precipitated by other physical atoms, quantum particles and fields — all beyond your control or consciousness.

There is no non-physical “free will” force that you control by some mysterious, non-physical means.

I wrote this article because I wanted to. And you read it because you wanted to.

But we wanted to because the quantum particles in our nervous systems created those desires. We are Pavlov’s dogs.

We do not control the universe; the universe controls us. Free will simply is not science. Free will is pseudo-science.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell
Monetary Sovereignty
Twitter: @rodgermitchell; Search #monetarysovereignty
Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

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