Should pardon power be limited?

Questions:

  1. Should the President of the United States be allowed to offer unlimited pardons, no matter what offense?
  2. What if the President is a convicted felon?
  3. Why does the President have that right?
  4. Should state Governors or other elected or unelected officials have the right of pardon?

By comparison:

Most U.S. governors have pardon power, which allows them to: Pardon state crimes, Commute sentences, Issue reprieves or clemency. Some states restrict this power, requiring: A recommendation from a state board of pardons or approval by other officials

For example: The Governor of California can grant clemency, but must get a majority recommendation from the state Supreme Court for multiple-offense felons.

The Governor of Texas needs a recommendation from the Board of Pardons and Paroles. In Georgia, the State Board of Pardons and Paroles, not the governor, holds that power.

To provide context to the questions, here are some examples found on the Internet. We have not checked these for accuracy. The data was posted by the U.S. Department of Justice.

As you go through the list, you will find many different kinds of offenses, from contempt of court to murder. If there is any reasonably common element, it might be the support of right-wing causes or, more specifically, the support of Donald Trump, regardless of the seriousness of the offense or whether the conviction was questionable..

So the question becomes: Does the unlimited right to pardon all criminals, along with the SCOTUS decision that a President cannot be prosecuted for “official actions,”  give a lawless President the unlimited right to enlist people to commit crimes by promising them immunity from prosecution and conviction?

That is, what exactly is an action that Donald Trump or future Presidents could not claim is an “official action”? 

Pardons Granted by President Donald J. Trump (2017-2021)

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Joseph M. ArpaioDistrict of ArizonaN/AContempt of courtDownload PDF Clemency Records

March 9, 2018

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Kristian Mark SaucierDistrict of Connecticut12 months’ imprisonment and three years’ supervised release, conditioned upon six months’ home confinement and the performance of 100 hours’ community service (August 19, 2016)Unauthorized retention of defense informationDownload PDF Clemency Records

April 13, 2018

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
I. Lewis Libby, aka Scooter Libby, aka Irve Lewis “Scooter” LibbyDistrict of Columbia30 months’ imprisonment, two years’ supervised release, $250,000 fine (June 14, 2007)Obstruction of justice; false statements; perjury (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records

May 24, 2018

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
John Arthur Johnson, aka Jack JohnsonNorthern District of IllinoisOne year and one day’s imprisonment; $1,000 fine (September 14, 1920)Violation of the White Slave Traffic ActDownload PDF Clemency Records

May 31, 2018

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Dinesh D’SouzaSouthern District of New YorkFive years’ probation, conditioned upon eight months’ community confinement and the performance of one full day per week of community service; $30,000 fine (September 23, 2014)Campaign contribution fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records

July 10, 2018

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Dwight Lincoln HammondDistrict of Oregon3 months’ imprisonment; 3 years’ supervised release; amended to 60 months’ imprisonment on October 7, 2015 (October 30, 2012)Use of fire to damage and destroy property of the United StatesDownload PDF Clemency Records
Steven Dwight HammondDistrict of Oregon12 months’ and one day’s imprisonment; 3 years’ supervised release; amended to 60 months’ imprisonment on October 7, 2015 (October 30, 2012)Use of fire to damage and destroy property of the United States (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records

May 6, 2019

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Michael Chase BehennaU.S. ArmyForfeiture of all pay and allowances; confinement for 20 years’ (amended from 25 years’ on July 2, 2009); dismissal from service (February 28, 2009)Unpremeditated murder; assaultDownload PDF Clemency Records

May 15, 2019

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Patrick James NolanEastern District of California33 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $10,000 fine (February 18, 1994)Conducting the affairs of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeeringDownload PDF Clemency Records
Conrad Moffat BlackNorthern District of Illinois42 months’ imprisonment (amended on June 24, 2011); two years’ supervised release (December 10, 2007)Mail fraud; attempted obstruction of justiceDownload PDF Clemency Records

July 29, 2019

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Michael Anthony TedescoWestern District of Pennsylvania12 months’ imprisonment; five years’ supervised release (December 7, 1990)Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and distribute in excess of 5 kilograms of cocaine and quantities of marijuanaDownload PDF Clemency Records
Roy Wayne McKeeverWestern District of Oklahoma12 months’ imprisonment; one year of supervised release (March 2, 1989)Used telephone in distributing marijuanaDownload PDF Clemency Records
John Richard BubalaSouthern District of IndianaTwo years’ probation, conditioned upon four months’ community confinement and two months’ home confinement (April 5, 1991)Conversion of government propertyDownload PDF Clemency Records
Chalmer Lee WilliamsEastern District of KentuckyFour months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release (May 25, 1995)Conspiracy to steal firearms and other goods as part of an interstate shipment; theft from shipment in interstate commerce; theft of firearms shipped in interstate commerceDownload PDF Clemency Records
Rodney M. TakumiDistrict of HawaiiTwo years’ probation; $250 fine (February 9, 1987)Participating in an illegal gambling businessDownload PDF Clemency Records

October 10, 2019

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Zay JeffriesSouthern District of New York$2,500 fine (November 12, 1948)Conspiracy to violate the Sherman ActDownload PDF Clemency Records

November 15, 2019

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Mathew GolsteynU.S. ArmyN/APremeditated murder (charged, not tried or convicted)Download PDF Clemency Records
Clint A. LoranceU.S. ArmyForfeiture of all pay and allowances; 19 years’ confinement (as amended from 20 years on December 31, 2014); dismissal from service (August 1, 2013)Attempted murder; murder (two specifications); wrongfully communicating a threat (two specifications); reckless endangerment; solicitating a false statement; obstructing justiceDownload PDF Clemency Records

February 18, 2020

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Angela Ronae StantonNorthern District of GeorgiaTime Served; three years’ supervised release conditioned upon six months’ home confinement (May 24, 2007)Conspiracy to transport in interstate commerce a stolen motor vehicle and tampering with a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)Download PDF Clemency Records
Ariel Manuel FriedlerEastern District of VirginiaTwo months’ imprisonment; one year’s supervised release conditioned upon $274,197.60 restitution and $250,000 fine (August 8, 2014)Conspiracy to access a protected computer without authorizationDownload PDF Clemency Records
David Hossein SafavianDistrict of Columbia72 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release (October 27, 2006)Obstruction; false statement (three counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Michael Robert MilkenSouthern District of New York24 months’ imprisonment (as amended); three years’ supervised release; 5,400 hours of community service; $200 million fine (August 5, 1992)Conspiracy; securities fraud; mail fraud; tax fraud; filing false reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); assisting a brokerage firm in violating its net capital requirementsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Paul Harvey PogueEastern District of TexasThree years’ probation; $250,000 fine; and $473,604.09 restitution (August 30, 2010)Making and subscribing a false tax returnDownload PDF Clemency Records
Bernard Bailey KerikSouthern District of New York48 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $187,931 restitution (as amended) (May 18, 2010)Obstructing the administration of the Internal Revenue Laws; aiding in the preparation of a false income tax return; making false statements on a loan application; making false statements (five counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.Middle District of LouisianaTwo years’ probation; $250,000 fine; $350,000 restitution (October 6, 1998)Misprision of a felonyDownload PDF Clemency Records

August 18, 2020

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Susan B. AnthonyNorthern District of New York$100 fine and the cost of prosecution (June 18, 1873)Illegal votingDownload PDF Clemency Records

August 25, 2020

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Jon Donyae PonderDistrict of Nevada63 months’ imprisonment; 36 months’ supervised release; $6,165 restitution (December 27, 2005)Bank robbery; interference with commerce by armed robbery (six counts)Download PDF Clemency Records

August 28, 2020

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Alice Marie JohnsonWestern District of TennesseeLife imprisonment; five years’ supervised release (March 21, 1997)Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine; attempted possession of 12 kilos of cocaine with intent to distribute; attempted possession of 9 kilos of cocaine; attempted possession of 75 kilos of cocaine; attempted possession of 10 kilos of cocaine; conspiracy to commit money laundering; money laundering ($1.5 million); structuring monetary transactionsDownload PDF Clemency Records

November 25, 2020

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Michael T. FlynnDistrict of ColumbiaN/AMaking false statements to Federal investigatorsDownload PDF Clemency Records

December 22, 2020

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Phillip Kay LymanDistrict of Utah36 months’ probation conditioned upon 10 days’ incarceration; $1,000 fine; $95,955.61 restitution (December 18, 2015)Conspiracy to operate off-road vehicles on public land closed to off-road vehicles; operation of off-road vehicle on public lands closed to off-road vehiclesDownload PDF Clemency Records
Otis GordonDistrict of South Carolina85 or 86 months’ imprisonment (as amended); 48 months’ supervised release (January 11, 1993)Sell, distribute, or dispense a controlled substanceDownload PDF Clemency Records
Weldon Hal AngelosDistrict of Utah660 months and one day’s imprisonment (amended to time served); 36 months’ supervised release (November 16, 2004)Possession with intent to distribute marijuana (five counts); possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime (three counts); possession of a stolen firearm (two counts); possession of a firearm with a removed serial number; use of a controlled substance in possession of a firearm (two counts); money laundering (three counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Alex Van Der ZwaanDistrict of Columbia30 days’ imprisonment; two months’ supervised release conditioned upon compliance with the immigration process of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement; $20,000 fine (April 3, 2018)False statementsDownload PDF Clemency Records
George PapadopoulosDistrict of Columbia14 days’ imprisonment; 12 months’ supervised release conditioned upon 200 hours’ community service within 11 months; $9,5000 fine (September 7, 2018)False statementsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Christopher Carl CollinsSouthern District of New York26 months’ imprisonment; one year’s supervised release; $200,000 fine (January 16, 2020)Conspiracy to commit securities fraud; false statementsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Duncan D. HunterSouthern District of California11 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release (March 17, 2020)Conspiracy to commit offensesDownload PDF Clemency Records
Alfonso Antonio CostaWestern District of PennsylvaniaThree years’ probation, conditioned upon one year’s home confinement and 100 hours’ community service; $250,000 fine; $44,579.47 restitution (March 20, 2008)Health care fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Paul Alvin SloughDistrict of Columbia180 months’ imprisonment; 36 months’ supervised release (as amended on September 5, 2019) (April 13, 2015)Voluntary manslaughter, aiding and abetting and causing an act to be done (13 counts); attempt to commit voluntary manslaughter, aiding and abetting and causing an act to be done (17 counts); using and discharging a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence and aiding and abetting and causing an act to be doneDownload PDF Clemency Records
Nicholas Abram SlattenDistrict of ColumbiaLife imprisonment; three years’ supervised release (August 14, 2019)Murder in the first degreeDownload PDF Clemency Records
Evan Shawn LibertyDistrict of Columbia168 months’ imprisonment; 36 months’ supervised release (as amended on September 5, 2019) (April 13, 2015)Voluntary manslaughter, aiding and abetting and causing an act to be done (eight counts); attempt to commit voluntary manslaughter, aiding and abetting and causing an act to be done (12 counts); using and discharging a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence and aiding and abetting and causing an act to be doneDownload PDF Clemency Records
Dustin Laurent HeardDistrict of Columbia151 months’ imprisonment; 36 months’ supervised release (as amended on September 5, 2019) (April 13, 2015)Voluntary manslaughter, aiding and abetting and causing an act to be done (six counts); attempt to commit voluntary manslaughter, aiding and abetting and causing an act to be done (11 counts); using and discharging a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence and aiding and abetting and causing an act to be doneDownload PDF Clemency Records
Jose Alonso CompeanWestern District of Texas144 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $2,000 fine (as amended November 12, 2008) (October 19, 2006)Assault with a dangerous weapon, and aiding and abetting; assault with serious bodily injury, and aiding and abetting; discharge of a firearm in relation to a crime of violence; deprivation of rights under color of lawDownload PDF Clemency Records
Alfred Lee CrumEastern District of Oklahoma18 months’ imprisonment, suspended; three years’ probation; $250 fine (May 19, 1952)Illegally operating a still; unlawful possession of a still; operating without bondDownload PDF Clemency Records
Ignacio RamosWestern District of Texas132 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $2,000 fine (as amended November 13, 2008) (October 19, 2006)Assault with a dangerous weapon and aiding and abetting; assault with serious bodily injury and aiding and abetting; discharge of a firearm in relation to a crime of violence; deprivation of rights under color of lawDownload PDF Clemency Records

December 23, 2020

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Roger Joseph Stone Jr.District of Columbia40 months’ imprisonment; 24 months’ supervised release conditioned upon performance of 250 hours’ community service; $20,000.00 fine (February 20, 2020)Obstruction of proceeding; false statements (five counts); witness tamperingDownload PDF Clemency Records
Paul J. Manafort1. Eastern District of Virginia2. District of Columbia1. 47 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $50,000 fine; $25,497,487.60 restitution (as amended by court order on March 21, 2019) (March 7, 2019)2. 73 months’ imprisonment; 36 months’ supervised release (concurrent); $6,164,032 restitution (March 13, 2019)1. Subscribing to false United States individual income tax returns for 2010-2014 tax years (five counts); failure to file reports of foreign bank and financial accounts for calendar years 2011-2014; bank fraud/Lender B/$3.4 million loan; bank fraud/Lender C/$1 million loan2. Conspiracy against the United States; conspiracy to obstruct justice (witness tampering)Download PDF Clemency Records
Margaret E. HunterSouthern District of CaliforniaThree years’ probation conditioned upon eight months’ home confinement (August 24, 2020)Conspiracy to commit offensesDownload PDF Clemency Records
Charles KushnerDistrict of New Jersey24 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $40,000 fine (March 4, 2005)Fraud and false statements (16 counts); retaliating against witness, victim; statements or entries generallyDownload PDF Clemency Records
William Plemons1. Northern District of Georgia2. Northern District of Georgia3. Northern District of Georgia1. 12 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $20,000 fine (July 1, 1998)2. 27 months’ imprisonment (concurrent); three years’ supervised release (August 26, 1999)3. 27 months’ imprisonment (concurrent); two years’ supervised release; $1,100,000 restitution (as amended on February 12, 2004) (May 29, 2002)1. Structuring transactions to avoid reporting requirements (four counts)2. Willfully attempting to evade personal income tax (three counts)3. Wire fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Topeka Kimberly SamEastern District of Virginia52 months’ imprisonment (as amended by the Bureau of Prisons pursuant to court orders on March 5, 2014, and November 2, 2015); five years’ supervised release (January 11, 2013)Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine hydrochlorideDownload PDF Clemency Records
Peter Y. AtkinsonNorthern District of Illinois345 days’ imprisonment (time already served); three years’ supervised release; $3,000 fine (as amended April 4, 2011) (December 10, 2007)Mail fraud (three counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
John A. BoultbeeNorthern District of Illinois329 days’ imprisonment (time already served); $500 fine, $15,000 restitution (as amended on March 24, 2011) (February 10, 2011)Mail fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Andrew Barron WordenSouthern District of New YorkTwo years’ probation conditioned upon 100 hours’ community service per year and continued payment of balance owing to the Securities and Exchange Commission (August 15, 1995)Wire fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Mary Ballard McCartySouthern District of Florida42 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $100,000 fine (June 4, 2009)Conspiracy to commit honest services fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
James J. KassoufNothern District of OhioOne year’s probation conditioned upon four months’ home confinement; $10,000 fine; restitution in accordance with the plea agreement (December 6, 1999)Making a false tax returnDownload PDF Clemency Records
John Frederick TateSouthern District of IowaTwo years’ probation conditioned upon six months’ home confinement and 160 hours’ community service; $10,000 fine (as amended on October 3, 2016) (September 20, 2016)Conspiracy to commit an offense against the United States; causing false records; causing false campaign contribution reports; false statements schemeDownload PDF Clemency Records
Jesse R. BentonSouthern District of IowaTwo years’ probation conditioned upon six months’ home confinement and 160 hours’ community service; $10,000 fine (September 20, 2016)Conspiracy to commit an offense against the United States; causing false records; causing false campaign contribution reports; false statements schemeDownload PDF Clemency Records
Christopher Michael WadeSouthern District of New YorkSentence under seal (Unknown)Sealed offenses of convictionDownload PDF Clemency Records
Joseph Martin StephensWestern District of Texas18 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $2,500 fine (June 13, 2012)Probation revocationDownload PDF Clemency Records
Christopher II X1. Eastern District of Arkansas2. Southern District of Indiana3. Eastern District of Arkansas4. Western District of Kentucky5. Western District of Kentucky1. Three years’ imprisonment; five years’ probation (February 4, 1985)2. 33 days’ imprisonment (September 26, 1986)3. 407 days’ imprisonment; five years’ probation (January 20, 1987)4. Three years and 120 days’ imprisonment (May 23, 1990)5. 508 days’ imprisonment (February 20, 1992)1. Conspiracy to distribute cocaine2. Violation3. Violation4. Violation5. ViolationDownload PDF Clemency Records
Cesar Agusto LozadaSouthern District of Florida14 months’ imprisonment, three years’ supervised released (June 22, 2005)Conspiracy to distribute marijuanaDownload PDF Clemency Records
Rickey Ivan KanterEastern District of Wisconsin12 months and one day’s imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $50,000 Fine (September 15, 2011)Mail fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Stephanie Christine MohrDistrict of Maryland120 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release (December 11, 2001)Deprivation of rights under color of lawDownload PDF Clemency Records
Robert Edward Coughlin IIDistrict of ColumbiaTime served; three years’ probation conditioned upon 30 days in a halfway house and 200 hours of community service; $2,000 fine (November 24, 2009)Conflict of interestDownload PDF Clemency Records
Mark SiljanderWestern District of Missouri12 months and one day’s imprisonment;; six months’ supervised release (January 11, 2012)Obstruction of justice; violation of Foreign Agents Registration ActDownload PDF Clemency Records
James Harutun BatmasianSouthern District of FloridaEight months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release (July 11, 2008)Willful failure to pay over taxDownload PDF Clemency Records
Gary Mark BrugmanWestern District of Texas27 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release (March 10, 2003)Deprivation of rights under color of lawDownload PDF Clemency Records
Joseph OcchipintiSouthern District of New York37 months’ imprisonment (commuted to time served on January 15, 1993); two years’ supervised release (October 18, 1991)Conspiracy to violate civil rights; deprivation of rights under color of law (10 misdemeanor counts); false statements (six counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Rebekah Kay CharlestonEastern District of Texas13 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $1,000 fine (January 10, 2007)Conspiracy to commit tax evasionDownload PDF Clemency Records
Russell Paul PlaisanceWestern District of LouisianaThree years’ imprisonment (suspended); three years’ probation; three years’ special parole (concurrent) (November 18, 1987)Conspiracy to unlawfully import cocaine into the U.S.Download PDF Clemency Records

January 13, 2021

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Lynn Wade BarneyDistrict of Utah35 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release (September 14, 2005)Possession of a firearm and ammunition by a convicted felonDownload PDF Clemency Records
Paul L. BehrensMiddle District of Florida24 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release (May 19, 2014)Making false statements relating to health care matters (two counts); health care fraud (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Thaddeus M. S. BeredayMiddle District of FloridaSix months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release, conditioned upon 12 months’ home detention; $50,000 fine (November 22, 2017)Making false statements relating to health care mattersDownload PDF Clemency Records
Peter E. ClayMiddle District of Florida60 months’ imprisonment, conditioned upon 200 hours’ community service; $10,000 fine (May 19, 2014)Making false statements (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Scott Conor CrosbyDistrict of Arizona60 months and two days’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release (May 24, 1993)Bank robbery; use of a firearm during crime of violenceDownload PDF Clemency Records
Randall Harold CunninghamSouthern District of California100 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $1,804,031.50 restitution (March 3, 2006)Conspiracy to commit crimes against the United States; tax evasionDownload PDF Clemency Records
Paul EricksonDistrict of South Dakota84 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $2,976,937 restitution (July 6, 2020)Wire fraud; money launderingDownload PDF Clemency Records
Todd S. FarhaMiddle District of Florida36 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $50,000 fine (May 19, 2014)Health care fraud (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Thomas K. FordSouthern District of IllinoisThree years’ probation; $2,000 fine (April 10, 2003)Violating mandatory safety standards; making false material statements and representationsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Jessica Jean Frease aka Jessica Jean ArmstrongDistrict of South Dakota16 months’ imprisonment (as amended); five years’ supervised release; $3,300 restitution (December 3, 2012)Bank embezzlementDownload PDF Clemency Records
Robert Cannon HayesWestern District of North CarolinaOne year’s probation; $9,500 fine (August 19, 2020)False statementsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Deborah L. JorgensenDistrict of South Dakota12 months and one day of imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $20,000 fine (July 3, 1996)Conspiracy; misbranding (10 counts); wire fraud (three counts); mail fraud (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Gregory L. JorgensenDistrict of South Dakota24 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $40,000 fine (July 3, 1996)Conspiracy; misbranding (10 counts); wire fraud (three counts); mail fraud (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Martin Frederick JorgensenDistrict of South Dakota15 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $40,000 fine (July 3, 2003)Conspiracy; misbranding (10 counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
William L. KaleMiddle District of Florida12 months and one day’s imprisonment; one year’s supervised release (May 19, 2014)Health care fraud (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Frederick J. NahasDistrict of New JerseyOne month’s imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; and a $20,000 fine (January 2, 2003)Obstruction of justice in a health care investigationDownload PDF Clemency Records
John Michael NystromDistrict of South DakotaTwo years’ probation, conditioned upon 100 hours’ community service; $5,000 fine; $20,514.64 restitution (July 20, 2009)Misprison of a felonyDownload PDF Clemency Records
Amy Ralston PovahWestern District of Texas292 months’ imprisonment; five years’ supervised release; a $10,000 fine (February 27, 1992)Conspiracy to distribute a controlled substance; conspiracy to import a controlled substance; money launderingDownload PDF Clemency Records
David Francis RowlandDistrict of South CarolinaTwo years’ probation (January 29, 1997)Federal enforcement procedures (two counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Joshua James SmithMiddle District of Tennessee60 months’ imprisonment; five years’ supervised release; $12,500 fine (August 27, 1998)Conspiracy to possess and distribute marijuana; conspiracy to possess and distribute cocaineDownload PDF Clemency Records
David TammanCentral District of California84 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; and a $2,500 fine (September 23, 2013)Conspiracy to obstruct justice; destruction, alteration, falsification of records, aiding and abetting, causing an act to be done; accessory after the fact; obstruction of justice, aiding and abettingDownload PDF Clemency Records

January 19, 2021

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Alex Adjmi1. District of Connecticut2. Eastern District of New York1. 48 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release, conditioned upon 600 hours’ community service; $125,000 fine (November 7, 1996)2. Three years’ supervised release (concurrent); $15,000 fine; $4,500 restitution (as amended) (June 22, 1998)1. Money laundering2. Conspiracy to commit insurance fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Fred Keith AlfordNorthern District of OklahomaOne year of unsupervised probation (January 17, 1977)Firearms violation (interstate sale of firearm by federal firearms licensee)Download PDF Clemency Records
Mahmoud Reza BankiSouthern District of New York$5,000 fine (May 5, 2014)False statements (two counts, as amended on appeal)Download PDF Clemency Records
Stephen BannonSouthern District of New YorkN/AConspiracy to commit wire fraud; conspiracy to commit money launderingDownload PDF Clemency Records
Faustino BernadettCentral District of California15 months’ imprisonment (surrender ordered February 26, 2021); one year’s supervised release; $60,000 fine (January 17, 2020)Misprison of a felonyDownload PDF Clemency Records
Carl Andrew Boggs, IIIWestern District of North Carolina30 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $15,000 fine (November 23, 2015)Conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud; conspiracy to commit money launderingDownload PDF Clemency Records
Todd A. BoulangerDistrict of Columbia30 days’ imprisonment; 24 months’ supervised release; $4,000 fine (October 14, 2011)Conspiracy to commit honest services wire fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Robert Douglas BowkerMiddle District of FloridaTwo years’ probation (March 19, 1993)Wildlife smugglingDownload PDF Clemency Records
Elliott BroidyDistrict of ColumbiaN/AConspiracy to serve as an unregistered agent of a foreign principalDownload PDF Clemency Records
Drew Kallman BrownsteinSouthern District of New YorkOne year and one day of imprisonment; three years’ supervised release, conditioned on 500 hours’ community service; $7,500 fine (January 11, 2012)Securities fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Tommaso ButiSouthern District of New YorkN/AConspiracy to defraud the United States; fraud by wire, radio, or television (35 counts); scheme to defraud: money, state tax stamps (transportation of stolen property (14 counts); money laundering – racketeering (laundering monetary instruments conspiracy) (indicted – no further resolution to date)Download PDF Clemency Records
Dwayne Michael CarterSouthern District of FloridaN/APossession of firearm and ammunition by a convicted felonDownload PDF Clemency Records
Robert William CawthonNorthern District of TexasThree years’ probation, conditioned upon 180 days’ home confinement (May 22, 1992)False statement on bank loan applicationDownload PDF Clemency Records
David Lamar ClantonNorthern District of Mississippi10 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $123,398.31 restitution (September 20, 1995)False, fictitious, or fraudulent claims; aiding and abetting in making false, fictitious, and fraudulent statements and representationsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Jeffrey Alan ConwayWestern Pennsylvania13 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $20,000 fine (November 25, 2003)Conspiracy to commit offenses against the United StatesDownload PDF Clemency Records
Robert CorkernNorthern District of MississippiTime served; 3 years’ supervised release conditioned upon 24 months’ home detention; $400,000 restitution (rescinded) (November 13, 2012)Aiding and abetting in bribery involving federal programsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Steven Benjamin FloydSouthern District of Mississippi30 months (the last six to be served in a halfway house); three years’ supervised release; $2,500 fine (January 3, 2008)Bank robbery by extortionDownload PDF Clemency Records
Duncan FordhamSouthern District of Georgia52 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $1,021,888 restitution (September 15, 2005)Health care fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Clarence Olin FreemanDistrict of South CarolinaNine months’ imprisonment; five years’ probation (October 29, 1965)Conspiracy to violate interstate revenue laws; dealing in illegal whiskey; possession of illegal whiskeyDownload PDF Clemency Records
George GilmoreDistrict of New Jersey12 months and one day’s imprisonment; three years’ supervised release (January 22, 2020)Failure to collect, account for and pay over payroll taxes (two counts); false statements in a bank loan applicationDownload PDF Clemency Records
Steven Samuel GranthamCentral District of CaliforniaFour months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release (June 13, 1967)Interstate transportation of a stolen vehicleDownload PDF Clemency Records
Joey Murray HancockNorthern District of Mississippi24 months’ imprisonment; five years’ supervised release (February 16, 2010)Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute in excess of 50 grams of a mixture and substance containing a detectable amount of methamphetamineDownload PDF Clemency Records
Wesley Scott Harkonen, Jr.Northern District of CaliforniaThree years’ probation, conditioned upon six months’ home confinement and 200 hours’ community service; $20,000 fine (as amended) (April 13, 2011)Wire fraud and aiding and abettingDownload PDF Clemency Records
James Austin Hayes, IVWestern District of North CarolinaOne year’s probation (January 19, 2014)Insider trading conspiracyDownload PDF Clemency Records
Gary E. HendlerEastern District of PennsylvaniaThree years’ probation (October 30, 1984)Conspiracy to distribute and dispense methaqualoneDownload PDF Clemency Records
William E. HenryMiddle District of AlabamaTwo years’ probation; $4,000 fine (May 2, 2019)Theft of government propertyDownload PDF Clemency Records
Abel HoltzSouthern District of Florida45 days’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release, conditioned upon an unspecified term of home confinement and community service; $20,000 fine (as amended) (January 20, 1995)Obstruction of justiceDownload PDF Clemency Records
Douglas JemalDistrict of ColumbiaFive years’ probation; $175,000 fine (April 16, 2007)Wire fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
James E. Johnson, Jr.Eastern District of North CarolinaOne year’s probation; $7,500 fine (March 11, 2008)Hunting over bait and aiding and abetting the same; killing migratory game bird without retaining in actual custodyDownload PDF Clemency Records
Amir B. KhanDistrict of HawaiiThree years’ probation, conditioned upon 360 days’ home detention, 1,500 hours’ community service, and $6,500 restitution (August 26, 2019)Wire fraud (19 counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Kenneth Kurson aka Jayden Wagner, Eddie TrainEastern District of New YorkN/AInterstate stalking and harassmentDownload PDF Clemency Records
Anthony Scott LevandowskiNorthern District of California18 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $95,000 fine; $756,499.22 restitution (August 4, 2020)Theft and attempted theft of trade secretsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Michael A. LibertyDistrict of MaineFour months’ imprisonment; one year’s supervised release; $100,000 fine (August 9, 2017)Political contributions in the names of others and aiding and abettingDownload PDF Clemency Records
Brian Lyle McSwainDistrict of South Carolina18 months’ imprisonment, including approximately four months’ community confinement; three years’ supervised release; as amended June 7 and June 19, 1994 (May 7, 1993)Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute marijuana and cocaineDownload PDF Clemency Records
Hal Knudson MerglerNorthern District of West VirginiaOne month of imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $505 restitution; as amended November 19, 1993 (July 21, 1992)Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)Download PDF Clemency Records
David Eugene MillerMiddle District of Tennessee30 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release (November 19, 2012)Making a false statement to a bank (as amended)Download PDF Clemency Records
Glen Moss1. District of Connecticut2. District of South Carolina1. Three years’ probation, conditioned upon cooperation with the IRS in resolving $100,000 in unpaid taxes for the years 1991 and 1992; $4,000 fine (June 9, 2000)2. Five years’ probation, conditioned upon six months’ home confinement; $412,000 restitution1. Payment to non-licensed physician; attempt to evade or defeat tax2. Mail FraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Hillel “Helly” NahmadSouthern District of New YorkOne year and one day’s imprisonment; three years’ supervised release, conditioned upon 300 hours’ community service; $30,000 fine (April 30, 2014)Illegal gamblingDownload PDF Clemency Records
Stephen Odzer aka Harold J. OdzerEastern District of New York18 months’ imprisonment; five years’ supervised release; $16,150,017.83 restitution (as amended on June 5, 2007) (May 3, 2007)Bank fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Benedict Guthrie OlberdingDistrict of South CarolinaFive years’ probation; $614,154.37 restitution (April 11, 2013)Bank fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Eric Wesley PattonEastern District of Tennessee$1,000 fine (February 23, 1999)Making false statementDownload PDF Clemency Records
Desiree Perez fka Desiree Reynoso1. Southern District of Florida2. Southern District of Florida1. Five years’ probation (as amended) (September 7, 1995)2. Nine months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release (April 6, 1999)1. Conspiracy to distribute cocaine2. Probation violationDownload PDF Clemency Records
Johnny D. PhillipsEastern District of Tennessee30 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $14,092,205.04 restitution (as amended) (November 2, 2016)Conspiracy to commit wire fraud and mail fraudDownload PDF Clemency Records
Richard George RenziDistrict of Arizona36 months’ imprisonment; three years supervised release; $25,000 fine (October 28, 2013)Conspiracy to commit extortion, attempted extortion and wire and mail fraud; honest wire services wire fraud (six counts); conspiracy to commit money laundering; concealment of money laundering; transactions with criminally derived funds (two counts); extortion under color of official right (two counts); conspiracy to make false statement; insurance fraud (two counts); racketeeringDownload PDF Clemency Records
Gregory Louis ReyesNorthern District of California18 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $15,000,000 fine (June 24, 2010)Conspiracy to commit securities and mail fraud; fraud in connection with Brocade stock, aiding, abetting and willfully causing; false SEC filing, aiding, abetting and willfully causing (three counts); falsifying books, records and accounts, aiding, abetting and willfully causing; false statement to accountant, aiding, abetting and willfully causing (four counts)Download PDF Clemency Records
Aviem SellaDistrict of ColumbiaN/AEspionage – conspiracy to gather or deliver national defense information (two counts); violation of Subversive Activities Control Act – receiving or obtaining classified information by foreign agentDownload PDF Clemency Records
Robert C. SherrillMiddle District of Tennessee50 months’ imprisonment; four years’ supervised release (July 27, 2009)Conspiracy to distribute and possession with intent to distribute 500 grams or more of cocaineDownload PDF Clemency Records
Syrita Rashida Steib-MartinEastern District of Texas120 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $1,934,169.31 restitution (July 24, 2000)Use of fire to commit a felonyDownload PDF Clemency Records
Patrick Lee SwisherWestern District of North Carolina30 months’ imprisonment; two years’ supervised release; $5,000 fine (October 15, 2002)Fraudulent tax return/statement; making false statementsDownload PDF Clemency Records
Casey UrlacherNorthern District of IllinoisN/AConspiracy to defraud the United States; illegal gambling; money launderingDownload PDF Clemency Records
John Harold WallDistrict of Minnesota60 months’ imprisonment; four years’ supervised release (June 4, 1992)Possession of methamphetamine with intent to distributeDownload PDF Clemency Records
Robert ZangrilloDistrict of MassachusettsN/AConspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud and honest services mail and wire fraud; conspiracy to commit federal programs bribery; money laundering conspiracy; wire fraud and honest services wire fraud (six counts); federal programs bribery (two counts); filing a false tax returnDownload PDF Clemency Records

January 20, 2021

NAMEDISTRICTSENTENCEDOFFENSEPUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Albert J. Pirro, Jr.Southern District of New York29 months’ imprisonment; three years’ supervised release; $62,446 restitution (November 1, 2000)Conspiracy to defraud the United States; tax evasion (four counts); fraud (29 counts)Download PDF Clemency Records

In Addition:

Kwame Kilpatrick Conviction: Racketeering conspiracy, extortion, bribery, mail and wire fraud, and tax offenses during his tenure as Detroit mayor. Sentence: 28 years in prison. Commutation: Sentence commuted by President Trump in January 2021

January 6 Capitol Riot Pardons In a sweeping move, President Trump granted full pardons to individuals convicted of offenses related to the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack. Notable recipients include: Joseph Hackett Ethan Nordean Joseph Biggs Zachary Rehl Dominic Pezzola Jeremy Bertino GQ 

Reports indicate that dozens of the convicted individuals had prior criminal convictions, including serious offenses such as rape, manslaughter, domestic violence, and drug trafficking.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell;

MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell;

https://www.academia.edu/

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A Government’s Sole Purpose is to Improve and Protect The People’s Lives.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY

Retirees face potential 33% benefit CUT if they receive MORE benefits. What??

The following story appeared today online. It purports to tell you why you’ll have a benefit cut if Social Security benefits are not taxed.

That’s right. The article claims that either you allow the government to take away part of your benefits via taxes, or it will take away part of your benefits via benefit cuts.

This Hobson’s choice is brought to you by the rich, who want to widen the income/wealth/power Gap between them and you.

Spoiler alert: Here’s the “why” mentioned in the headline of this post: The lies of the rich and the ignorance of the populace.

Uncle Sam talks to poor people
“If you dare to ask for more, I’ll give you lesss. So shut up and be grateful for what you get. I have rich people to take care of. “

Retirees face potential 33% benefit cut under new tax plan; Here’s why

Story by Andrea Arlett Nabor Herrera

Trump-backed tax plan may slash Social Security benefits by 33%, raising solvency concerns /

Retirees across the United States may soon face a daunting financial challenge. A proposed tax plan, supported by President Trump and several legislators, aims to eliminate federal income taxes on Social Security benefits, tips, and overtime.

While this might initially seem beneficial, experts warn it could lead to a significant reduction in Social Security benefits, potentially cutting them by 33% by 2035.

Proposed tax plan details

The tax proposal suggests removing federal income taxes on Social Security benefits, a move that could eliminate a crucial revenue stream for the program.

Currently, Social Security is funded primarily through payroll taxes (91%), with a smaller portion coming from taxes on benefits (4%) and interest from trust fund assets (5%). The elimination of these taxes could severely impact the program’s financial health.

Not one word of the above paragraph is true. All federal spending, including spending for the Supreme Court, for Congress, for the Senate, for the House, for the military — ALL federal spending — is funded the same way: By federal new money creation.

Congress and the President vote for spending, and the money is automatically created. No fake “trust funds” are involved.

The federal government, being Monetarily Sovereign, cannot run short of dollars, nor can any agency of the federal government run short unless Congress and the President want it to.

The financial helplessness implied in the article is a lie. The federal government has ownership and control over the Social Security agency, and so can add as many dollars as it wishes at any time it wishes.

Social Security faces financial challenges due to a growing retiree population and a slower-growing workforce.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that under current law, the Social Security Trust Fund will be depleted by 2034. If this occurs, benefits would need to be reduced to about 77% of scheduled payments, equating to a 23% cut.

The Social Security “trust fund” is not a trust fund. It is merely a record of payments.

As a record, and only a record, it “has” no money. It’s just a balance sheet for informational purposes. The purpose of FICA taxes (according to the SS founder, President Franklin D. Roosevelt) is to give you the illusion of ownership, so you will protest against cuts.

FICA does not fund SS benefits. It actually limits benefits as practiced by Congress.
Impact of eliminating benefit taxes Removing taxes on Social Security benefits would eliminate a revenue source expected to contribute $1.1 trillion over the next decade.
False. The “revenue” source is not FICA taxes. The revenue source is the federal government, which has the unlimited power to credit those taxes to Social Security — or not — or to credit some other figure.

The amount of FICA does not control how much Social Security is allowed to spend. Congress and the President do.

If Congress and the President wished, they could pass a law saying, for instance, that every person living in America receives double the current level of SS benefits. That law would be funded by Congressional fiat just as taxing benefits now is reverse funded by fiat.

This would exacerbate the program’s deficit, potentially depleting the trust fund sooner. The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (CRFB) estimates that eliminating these taxes could advance the fund’s depletion by one year, while Penn Wharton suggests it could be two years.

The CRFB is a libertarian-leaning mouthpiece that likes to express shock at how many growth dollars the federal government pumps into the economy. Their solution to the non-problem invariably tends toward cutting benefits to the middle- and lower-income groups, but seldom suggests cutting tax loopholes enjoyed by the rich.

How much you need to save in order to retire

If taxes on Social Security, tips, and overtime are all eliminated, as proposed by President Trump, the CRFB estimates the trust fund could be depleted three years earlier.

This scenario could lead to benefit cuts as early as 2032, rather than 2035, putting additional financial strain on retirees.

Again, the above is a lie or ignorance, hoping that you will believe the lie or share the ignorance. The bottom line: The author claims that any increase in your benefits will result in a decrease in your benefits, so shut up and accept your losses.

Magnitude of potential benefit cuts The proposed tax eliminations could reduce Social Security revenues by up to $2 trillion over the next decade.
Translation: The proposed tax eliminations could increase Social Security benefits by up to $2 trillion over the next decade, while also increasing the number of growth dollars added to the economy by those same $2 trillion.
This would necessitate deeper benefit cuts than currently projected. The CRFB estimates that benefits could be reduced by 33% by 2035, compared to the 23% cut projected by the CBO under existing law.
The same old lie: “Don’t you dare ask for more or we’ll give you even less than you currently receive. And by the way, we’re giving the rich another tax break, but that doesn’t count.”
Experts like Nancy Altman, President of Social Security Works, caution against the proposed tax eliminations. Altman argues that while eliminating taxes might increase benefits for some, the overall impact would be detrimental, leading to drastic benefit reductions. She describes the proposal as “not honest,” highlighting the potential long-term harm to retirees.
Ms. Altman, with all your experience, you should know better. Eliminating taxes would not “lead to benefit reductions” if you told America that the federal government can easily fund SS forever.
The proposed tax plan, while seemingly beneficial in the short term, poses significant risks to the financial stability of Social Security. Retirees could face earlier and more severe benefit cuts, underscoring the need for careful consideration of the plan’s long-term implications.

As the debate continues, stakeholders must weigh the immediate benefits against the potential for substantial future losses.

If ever the stakeholders, i.e. SS current and future recipients, ever begin to understand the truth, there will be an uprising and (gasp!) the income/wealth/power Gap between the rich and the rest will narrow.

OMG!

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell;

MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell;

https://www.academia.edu/

……………………………………………………………………..

A Government’s Sole Purpose is to Improve and Protect The People’s Lives.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY

Amazing news about the dumbing of America: These people are smart.

MAGAs, it may come as a great surprise to you that white, Christian American citizens who are born here to American citizens are not the only smart, hardworking, honest, taxpaying people in the world.

Yes, really.

There actually are very smart, hardworking, honest, taxpaying, valuable to America, black, brown, yellow, red, South American, Canadian, Mexican, Central American, Australian, European, Asian, African, Caribbean, other island, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, people of other religions, and citizens of all other nations.

If you are a MAGA, you probably didn’t know that, because your unquestioned leader wants to deport all those people from our walled-in, frightened nation. 

Why? Many reasons are given, mostly regarding jobs, taxes, and crime. But those given reasons have been disproven by (gasp) actual data.

No, they are phony, convenient excuses, not the real reason you want those people, and even their children born here, deported.

C’mon, you know the real reason. Fess up now. It’s bigotry, pure and simple, promulgated by your cult leader.

Tiny Donald Trump near gigantic  border wall
It’s pretty good, but I’m still afraid of them. Can you make it bigger?

You MAGAs fear and hate them because they are not your kind of people, i.e. not white, Christian, hatemongering, native-born to citizens who look and act just like you.

In other words, you want to limit America to people who don’t threaten you by outthinking you and outworking you, while outdefending our American democracy from bigots, dictators, and others just like you.

That is why you want to hide behind a high wall and toss all those “others” over it.

If you are a MAGA, don’t bother to read the following excerpts from an article in Scientific American, March 2025 issue. First, it’s in a science magazine, which deals in (horrors!) scientific facts.

And second, your God, Donald Trump, hasn’t told you to believe it.

But if you’re not a brain-dead MAGA, you will find the following informative:

train car filled with dying human children
Mass deportation is a stain on American morals, and it is economically senseless. Immigrants pay taxes, are less likely to commit crimes than native-born Americans, and are valuable workers and consumers in the American economy.

 

Opinion February 18, 2025 Immigration Fuels Innovation in Science to Make the U.S. More Competitive

 U.S. will need more than one million STEM workers in the next 10 years to stay competitive. Immigrants are critical to that future

In late December 2024 a social media storm erupted after entrepreneur Elon Musk blasted out support for the iconic H-1B visa.

The temporary work visa has long served as a ticket to jobs in the U.S. high-tech industry for skilled foreign-born scientists and engineers.

In response, President Donald Trump’s nativist backers pushed back immediately. Former Trump adviser Steve Bannon characterized Musk’s position as a ploy by tech oligarchs to take jobs from Americans.

The fact: America is woefully short of scientists and engineers. They are much in demand and have no difficulty finding jobs in America. Bannon is lying.

Headlines proclaimed the outbreak of a MAGA civil war. Musk’s remarks might seem self-serving, but he is right in highlighting the need for more engineering talent from overseas.

Foreign-born tech workers are essential to fuel America’s powerhouse economy, one that captures an outsized percentage of global gross domestic product compared with its population.

And they will be key for hiring the more than one million additional STEM workersthat will be needed in 2033 compared with 2023, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

This increase marks a 10 percent growth rate, almost three times what is projected for any non-STEM industry during the same period. Immigrants are a big part of what has made America a global leader in science and technology;if Trump’s nativist faction prevails and restricts the entry of skilled workers, that will have profound effects on this leadership role, as well as on the U.S. economy.

Closing borders is a mistake. The tech elite know this. Musk, who was born in South Africa and now heads an advisory committee for the Trump administration called the Department of Government Efficiency, is one of many tech magnates who rely on the H-1B visa.

Musk’s Tesla company received approvals for 742 H-1B petitions for new hires during the 2024 federal fiscal year, more than double the number from a year earlier. Amazon (owned by Jeff Bezos) applied for nearly 3,900 H-1Bs in 2024.

Most of the 25 companies that made the most H-1B requests in 2024 are technology firms, including Microsoft, Infosys and Meta, the parent company of Facebook (run by Mark Zuckerberg). Cutting off the flow of foreign workers by rejecting H-1B applications can negatively impact local economies and even hurt U.S. workers.

Despite the claims from Bannon and other hard-right MAGA supporters that H-1Bs rob American citizens of skilled jobs, the pipeline for domestic talent alone is unlikely to fill looming employment gaps.

Trump as a King
For 250 years, beginning with the Revolutionary War, Americans have fought and died to prevent this. Today, the Republican Party is making all that effort and lives lost for naught.

U.S. mathscores have dropped, and the educational infrastructure at the most basic level is often just not there: only half of U.S. high schools offer calculus, and 60 percent provide physics classes. 

Both skills are critical for designing quantum computers and achieving innovations in artificial intelligence. According to study estimates, just 3 percent or so of America’s high school graduates join the ranks of STEM workers.

Prominent legislation to promote STEM education has not met its funding targets. The Biden administration’s CHIPS and Science Act set out to invest billions of dollars in STEM education, but the funding appropriated for the National Science Foundation has been hundreds of millions less than what was originally requested.

The MAGAs falsely believe our Monetarily Sovereign federal government should spend less. They think this will make the government more efficient and lower their taxes.

The facts: It will make the government less efficient and federal taxes do not fund federal spending. Unlike state and local governments, the federal government is Monetarily Sovereign.

The Federal government does not spend tax dollars. It creates new dollars, ad hoc, to pay all its bills.

(The purpose of federal taxes is to control the economy and to assure demand for the dollar, not to pay for anything.)

Even if the government collected zero dollars in taxes, it could continue spending, forever.

Within the next two years, MAGAs and the rest of us will feel the results of this misguided belief, as federal services decline and the private sector slides into recession.

In addition to industry jobs, the basic and applied research that takes place at the nation’s universities and tech hubs is highly reliant on overseas talent.

An August 2024 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) notes that contributions from the large cadre of international students are critical to sustaining current levels of research in U.S. graduate programs.

Foreign-born employees make up 43 percent of U.S. STEM workers who hold doctoral degrees, and this number rises to nearly 60 percent in computer scienceand certain other fields.

In 2022 more than half of U.S. start-ups with valuations greater than $1 billion had at least one immigrant at their helm—and the value of foreign-born professionals in this country can be witnessed on the global stage at the highest levels of human achievement: 40 percent of American Nobel Prize winners in chemistry, medicine and physics in the past two decades have been immigrants.

And yet, America does everything it can to make immigration difficult and time-consuming. Unless you’re rich enough to pay for entry, you might wait years to become a citizen.

Under a Trump proposal, foreign investors would pay $5 million to the U.S. government in exchange for permanent residency (green card privileges) and a pathway to citizenship.

This is not the government’s EB-5 program which requires a $1.05 million investment in a U.S. business, or $800,000 if investing in a Targeted Employment Area (TEA) — a rural area or one with high unemployment and a Job Creation Requirement to create or preserve at least 10 full-time jobs for U.S. workers within two years.

Why the $5 million payment? To keep the riff-raff out. (The “riff-raff” are the people at both ends of the labor spectrum– the people with advanced science degrees and the people who labor in the fields, in short, the people who will do the work America needs.)

Uncertainties about immigration for tech jobs—reflected by the internal strife in the Trump team and among its supporters—could result in fractured policymaking, with foreign-born STEM workers getting placed under the same anti-immigrant policymaking umbrella as undocumented immigrants.

In the fusillades of the MAGA civil war, Trump took Musk’s side, saying he has always been a big backer of H-1Bs, although the president has previously said the opposite.

He once called the visas “very, very bad for workers.”

In fact, during Trump’s first term, his administration set up a partial H-1B blockade.

The denial rate for the already short supply of the visas reached 24 percent in fiscal year 2018. It fell back to 2 percent in fiscal year 2022 after courts found his administration’s handling of these visas to be unlawful. 

In one 2014 study, researchers looking at this issue found that cities across the nation with high H-1B denial rates experienced a drop in computer-related jobs, and this decline was accompanied by lower wageb- growth for native-born citizens who lived there.

The U.S. remains a prime destination for foreign-born students and professionals, but the status quo may not hold. Talent-recruitment programs began to emerge in many countries in the 2010s.

One prime example is Canada’s Tech Talent Strategy, which afforded three-year work permits to as many as 10,000 people in the U.S. who have H-1B visas.

Apparently, Canadians are less frightened of immigrants than are Americans.

The ultimate fix for the U.S.’s chronically broken immigration system would be to implement a long-sought massive overhaul through congressional legislation.

Such comprehensive immigration reform would rationalize the competing demands of border security and the need to equitably regulate both legal and illegal immigration. But this kind of all-encompassing measure has little chance of being adopted during the next four years.

“The next four years” is a euphemism for “during the xenophobic, hatemongering Trump administration.

In bringing wider attention to the role of legal immigration, the wrangling over H-1Bs may have an upside. On a podcast last year, Trump remarked that international college students, once they graduate, should be eligible for green cards, which confer permanent residency.

Waiting for them to graduate confers no advantages on America. Those who are students here are more likely to work and live here, giving America the educated people we need.

His administration could make good on some variation of this idea. Other steps might raise the caps on H-1B visas granted annually (currently 85,000 in total) and institute much needed reforms to the visa program—especially to ensure that visa holders are not exploited.

Employers could do their part by seeking out underutilized programs such as the 0-1A temporary work visa for individuals with “extraordinary ability.” If nothing is done on H-1Bs and other legal-immigration measures, the desirability of the U.S. as a destination for STEM students and tech workers will fade.

That already has happened. The door-kicking, Nazi-like harshness of (ICE) Immigration and Customs Enforcement under Trump has scared away many potential immigrants. 

The 2024 NAS report notes that between 2019 and 2023, the U.S. fell from first to eighth worldwide in scores for attractiveness to highly educated workers. It will probably slip further.

The anti-immigrant atmosphere ushered in by the Trump administration’s promised mass deportation of undocumented immigrants is also likely to sour foreign students and engineers on coming to the U.S. And this outcome will benefit no one.

U.S. population growth has not been unmanageable. In fact, many experts argue the opposite: the U.S. now faces dangerously low population growth, and immigration is one of the few forces keeping it from shrinking.

SUMMARY

  1. Birth rates in the U.S. have fallen steadily for decades and are now below replacement level (about 1.6 children per woman as of 2023).
  2. Aging population: Millions of Baby Boomers are retiring, putting pressure on healthcare, Social Security, and the labor force.
  3. Without immigration, the U.S. would already be in demographic decline, like Japan, South Korea, or some European countries.
  4. Today, America has labor shortages (especially in caregiving, farming, construction, and tech)
  5. If workers are deported, we will have a slowdown in GDP growth due to fewer workers

Today’s challenge isn’t too much growth — it’s too little. Immigration is increasingly seen by economists and demographers as essential to sustaining the U.S. economy and workforce.

Even Trump’s buddy, Elon Musk, and most economists warn of a looming population collapse and say we need more people, especially working-age individuals, to support aging societies and sustain innovation and economic growth.

Politically, immigrants are falsely scapegoated for job competition, crime, or cultural change, though those fears are unsupported by data.

Following the economic growth successes of the Biden administration, Trump has chosen a guaranteed-to-fail hate-promulgating, populist, bigotry-based program of applying leeches to cure anemia.

If the GOP remains cowardly and the Supreme Court continues to give Trump “get-out-of-jail-free” cards, the U.S. will endure a recession, followed by a depression, along with a fascist dictatorship, devoid of legal protections for the populace.

We, as a nation, cannot claim moral leadership — Trump destroyed that — and we soon will lose economic, financial, and military leadership.

Trump is elderly and growing senile, so we can only hope nature takes its course, sooner rather than later.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell;

MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell;

https://www.academia.edu/

……………………………………………………………………..

A Government’s Sole Purpose is to Improve and Protect The People’s Lives.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY

The Myth About America’s Export Deficit

Imagine that the BMW car dealership in a neighboring village — a dealership you knew to be honest — began to sell new, fully loaded BMWs for $30,000 each.

The BMW dealership in your village sells the same cars for $50,000, so you went to the next village and paid $30,000 for a BMW.

The car was everything you knew BMWs to be — ran great, looked great, no problems — best car you ever owned. So you told your family and friends about it, and they went out, got the same deal, and the same results.

Soon, your entire village was taking advantage of the low price to get these great cars. Altogether that year, they spent a total of $300,000,000 buying BMWs in the next village.

Everything was great until . . . .

Until your village Mayor Trump told you that your village is running a $300,000,000 trade deficit with the next village, and your local BMW dealer was going broke because of the next village’s “unfair” sale tactics.

So from now on, to protect the local dealer, Mayor Trump added a 100% import tax to all BMWs brought in from the next village.

The results:

  1. The neighboring village put a 100% retaliatory tax on the BMWs that your village exports.
  2. The next BMW you bought cost you $50,000 if bought locally or $60,000 if bought next door, rather than the $30,000 you formerly paid.
  3. You and many of your neighbors decided not to buy cars.
  4. Many fewer BMWs were sold in either village: both car dealerhips suffered sales losses.
  5. Eventually, one of the dealers went out of business because there wasn’t a need for two BMW dealers in neighboring towns.
Man Chained And Shackled To A Big Bottle Of Whiskey Cliparts, Stock Vector and Royalty Free Man Chained And Shackled To A Big Bottle Of Whiskey Illustrations
Tariffs are a business cost that increases prices and reduces competition, both of which are inflationary, while taking dollars out of the economy, which is recessionary.

Does this scenario sound familiar?

The lesson is simple: Tariffs are poison to business.

Whether we’re talking about import tariffs (which punish the importing nation) or the rarer export tariff (which discourages exporting), tariffs increase prices and reduce trade.

Tariffs transfer money from the public to the government, and if the government happens to be Monetarily Sovereign, the money will be destroyed upon receipt.

Reader serenebutterye70be631ba sent us the following comment:

Rodger, will you comment on this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LJi6iFHqDcwhich says the real reason for tariffs is that it’s the only way to keep production in a country or something like that?

The ostensible purpose of tariffs is to discourage imports by raising their price. But the reality is a bit more nuanced than that. My answer to the question was,

If, for some reason, one wishes to protect an American business from foreign competition, there are several methods. Here are three of them:

  1. Create legislation mandating that the product or service meets criteria that only American businesses can meet. For example, a law saying that all trucks using American roads must be American-made. Bingo. American truck makers are protected.
  2. Levy import taxes, which effectively are sales taxes on imported goods. These represent money transfers from American consumers to the U.S. government. It’s a price increase, but worse, it removes growth dollars from the U.S. economy, so it’s recessive.
  3. The right way — the best way — to protect a U.S. industry is for the federal government directly to aid the industry by giving it money. Examples are farm subsidies. They not only protect U.S. farmers, but they also lower purchase prices to consumers while adding growth dollars to the economy. While #2 reduces GDP and causes inflation, #3 increases GDP and lowers prices.

(Many trade agreements and laws seemingly prohibit protectionism, but nations generally ignore such toothless regulations, preferring to protect their own interests.)

Other protectionist measures that, contrary to tariffs, would benefit an economy would include funding R&D for local businesses, easing immigration laws to gain employees, funding training and education for local employment, eliminating FICA to reduce business costs, funding Medicare for All, etc.

If Trump and his advisors cared about the U.S. economy, they would choose #3, but that would help narrow the income/wealth/power Gap between the rich and the rest — the last thing the rich want to do.

So, we have Trump’s ridiculous tariffs, which are inflationary and recessionary, while punishing the middle- and lower-income people, and widening the Gap.

Sadly, the populace does not understand this, and the people pay the price. Ignorance is expensive.

Importing more than we export is neither bad nor good. It merely means we exchange our dollars for goods and services.

You exchange more dollars with your local retailers than you receive from them. In short, you run a trade deficit with almost every supplier of products and services — your grocer, your gas station, your maid, etc.

Is this bad? No, it just means it’s easier for you to obtain dollars than to make the goods and services. You would rather work at your current job than try to build a car, so you work for dollars, which you exchange for a car.

If the government wanted to protect the car industry, it could send you a coupon good for $xxx dollars when you buy a new car. That would boost car sales and stimulate GDP. By contrast, puttingariff on car imports raises all car prices and takes dollars from the economy.

The choice is clear (except to politicians, media, and economists who don’t understand Monetary Sovereignty — the government’s infinite ability to create stimulative dollars).

SUMMARY

  1. Tariffs add to business costs, which are passed on to consumers, and so, are inflationary.
  2. Tariffs reduce competition, thus allowing for higher prices, and so again, are inflationary.
  3. By reducing competition, tariffs reduce the motivation to spend on Research and Development of product improvements and new product creation.
  4. Tariffs take growth dollars out of the economy, and so are recessionary.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell; MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell; https://www.academia.edu/

……………………………………………………………………..

A Government’s Sole Purpose is to Improve and Protect The People’s Lives.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY