An interesting take on Free Will vs Will Power

Reader Scott and I have been bantering about “Free Will” and “Will Power.” (For the purposes of this discussion, I have separated the word willpower into its constituents, will and power.)

As a shorthand version, I claim that “free will” has no basis in science, cannot be located in the brain, and is an illusion created by the brain.

Scott claims he exhibits free will when he makes certain decisions. I claim his examples demonstrate will power, not free will. His retort is that will power is a subset of free will, like a Venn diagram with one small circle inside a large circle.

The phrases, “free will” and “will power” look alike. They both are short, and both use the word “will.” But the differences are enormous and quite meaningful.

There are important reasons why we don’t refer to “power will” but to will power, and we don’t refer to “will free” but to free will.

Chocolate Cake
Mmmmm, Will power, free will, or just plain old will?

WILL POWER

In will power, the word “will” is just an adjective. The subject is “power,” and that word implies force. Like gasoline power, electrical power, brute power, and horse power (horsepower), you have a force against a resistance.

In the case of will power, both the force and the the resistance are in the brain itself. Will power resembles the brain being split in two, with half the brain saying “Yes” and battling the other half that says “No.”

Typically, one half advocates for something the brain finds “pleasant,” while the other half advocates for something the brain finds “correct.” Both “pleasant” and “correct” can be defined in myriad ways, but both sides have one thing in common: They are both determined by chemical, electrical, and/or physical input to the brain.

A typical example might be whether to eat a slice of chocolate cake or to refrain.

On one side is the cake, which your brain knows, from prior experience, will cause chemical, electrical, and physical pleasure. On the other side is your health knowledge, which also came into your brain via chemical, electrical, and/or physical means.

So, the battle ensues. If the winner is pleasure, you are said to lack will power. If the winner is the denial of pleasure, you are said to have will power. In either case, the decision is made in identifiable parts of the brain.

The desire to eat chocolate cake is primarily driven by the reward system in your brain, which includes regions like the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex. These areas are involved in processing the pleasure and emotional aspects of eating.

Your resistance to eating it involves the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making about health impacts, against the immediate pleasure it provides.

All of the above — your knowledge of the reward and health impacts and their relative importance — were placed into your brain via chemical, electrical, and other physical means. They didn’t just arrive there out of thin air.

Interestingly, these inputs change second by second. If, for instance, you happen to be very hungry, the chemicals that constantly bathe your brain, and the electrical signals that constantly circulate through your brain will cause a physical, chemical, and electrical effect on your amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and prefrontal cortex, 

At that point, reward overrides health impacts, and will power loses the battle. 

If however you are full, or if you have been given a stern warning by your doctor, physical, chemical, and electrical effects force the opposite effect, and you are said to be exercising your will power.

FREE WILL

In “free will,” the word “will” becomes the noun, not the adjective, and is the subject of the phrase.

Here, we are not talking about power but will. Is your will forced, coerced, or determined, or is it free of all these influences?

“Free will” is the hypothetical ability to make choices not predetermined by past events or current influences. It’s the idea that we can decide our actions independently without internal or external constraints.

Based on that, it’s difficult to see how any exercise of will ever could be free and not constrained. You can exercise “will” when you use your personal history, knowledge, and physical and emotional needs as expressed in your body chemistry and electrical circuitry.

But the phrase “free will” is a huge step above just plain ordinary “will.” We always use our will, but I submit that will, free from all constraints, is not physically possible.

The chemicals bathing your brain, the electrical signals flashing through, the senses of  which you may or may not be aware, all affect your will.

I further submit that when people use the term “free will,” they really mean “will,” and that the “free” part is a powerful illusion created in and by the brain.

So to reader Scott I say, continue to use your will, but don’t ever believe it is free. Everything you do or think is constrained by past and current influences. Will exists, but not free will.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell;

MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell; https://www.academia.edu/

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The Sole Purpose of Government Is to Improve and

Protect the Lives of the People.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY

For those who still believe in “free will.”

Do you know why gambling casinos make money?

Because the odds favor them, not by a lot on any individual bet — that would be too obvious to the bettors — but just by a little.

All the casinos need is a tiny margin, and if you make a lot of bets, you eventually will lose.

intersection of two roads
Your GPS stopped working. Which route will you take?

Imagine you are flipping an evenly balanced coin, and you bet $10 on each flip.

The house takes only one tiny cent per flip.

If you flip 100 times, on average, you’ll lose $1.00. That minuscule $.01 adds when you do something 100 times.

Now, rather than coin flips, let’s talk about decisions.

How many do you make each day? (Stand, sit, step, chew, inhale, what to wear, pee, business decisions, life decisions, etc., etc.)

Perhaps millions? Maybe billions?

And each of those decisions is influenced in your brain by such inputs as: Cortisol, Thyroid Hormones, Estrogen and Testosterone, Insulin. Melatonin, Serotonin, Dopamine. Ghrelin, Leptin, Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine, along with physical exhaustion, thirst, hunger, odors, sound, touch, pain, temperature, disease, age, and all the other physical and psychological inputs.

And any one of those decisions could change your life.

Examples: What you say to your boss, to your child, to your wife, whether to drive or walk, the route you take, what to eat for breakfast, whether to get a haircut, scratch an itch, play a game, wash your hands — the list is almost endless — and every single decision you make is influenced by a whole multitude of influences on your brain.

Given the massive number of decisions you make and how much each can influence your life and future choices (there is a multiplying effect), how much “free will” do you think you really have?

Read these excerpts from a recent Scientific American Magazine article:

maze
What will affect her decision?

Moral Judgments May Shift with the Seasons Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter BY ANVITA PATWARDHAN

Research suggests a range of psychological phenomena—such as our emotional state, dietand exercise habits, sexual activity and even color preferences—fluctuate throughout the year.

And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA demonstrates how moral values can also shift.

If all those decisions are affected by simple seasonal changes, imagine how much your decision-making is affected by thousands or millions of other inputs your brain receives every minute of every day.
For the study, researchers analyzed more than 230,000 online survey responses—a decade’s worth—from people in the U.S., along with smaller groups in Canada and Australia.
That is a huge study.
The questions were based on a standardized framework social scientists use to assess people’s judgments of right and wrong.

This framework, called moral foundations theory, sets up a taxonomy of “five pretty fundamental values that shape human social behavior,” says lead author Ian Hohm, a psychology graduate student at the University of British Columbia.

maze
Is it possible? Why did you try? Why didn’t you?

Keep those words in mind: “Shape human social behavior.”

The framework considers loyalty (devotion to one’s own group), authority (respect for leaders and rules), and purity (cleanliness and piety) to be “binding” values that promote group cohesion and conformity.
It’s doubtful that anyone could question whether these values affect your decision-making.

These principles, often associated with political conservatism, consistently received weaker endorsements in summer and winter.

And in summer, the more extreme the seasonal weather differences, the more pronounced the effect. 

One explanation for seasonal swings could be anxiety.

Using a 90,000-respondent survey dataset, as well as data on Internet search frequencies, the researchers found that anxiety levels also peak in spring and fall.

“There is a close relationship between anxiety and threat,” says University of Nottingham psychologist and study co-author Brian O’Shea.

Other studies have shown that people who feel more vulnerable to seasonal illnesses tend to be more distrustful, more xenophobic and more likely to conform to majority opinion.

Again, these have a strong influence on your decisions and actions, It’s fascinating how even subtle changes in our environment can impact our judgments and behaviors. (No “free will” there.)
“When you’re threatened,” O’Shea explains, “you then want to get protection from your in-group.” These findings suggest seasonal timing could affect jury decisions, vaccination campaigns—and even election outcomes, the study authors say.
People in juries feel they are making “free will” decisions. I “feel” (but I know better) that my many decisions to be vaccinated and my voting were the result of my “free will.”

But, of course, they were not.

They were heavily influenced by massive numbers of inputs to my brain each minute.

Howard University psychologist Ivory A. Toldson, whose work involves practical applications of statistics, notes that the study relies on data from “Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD)” populations and cautions that generalizing from such results runs the risk of “overlooking the unique moral experiences of marginalized groups.”

In other words, he says everyone’s experiences (brain inputs) are different, which affects their decisions differently.

Hohm agrees that such a pattern wouldn’t affect everyone the same way but emphasizes that the study highlights the seasons’ effect on human psychology.

“One thing that this article is showing is that we are very seasonal creatures,” says Georgetown University School of Medicine psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, a leading expert on seasonal affective disorder who coined the term in the 1980s.

“The internal state definitely affects your behavior.”

It also shows us that “free will” does not exist. It is an illusion—a strong illusion—created by your brain to make sense of the gigantic number of inputs it continuously receives.

Even your decision to believe this, argue with this, or discuss it with someone is affected by every input your brain receives every minute of every day.

Have you ever said, “I didn’t feel like it, ” “I wasn’t in the mood, ” “It’s not worth the effort,” or “It’s too much hassle?”

That may have felt like free will, but it was the accumulation of inputs to your brain.

You do not control your brain; your brain controls you. You just don’t feel it because your brain doesn’t let you.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell;

MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell;

https://www.academia.edu/

……………………………………………………………………..

The Sole Purpose of Government Is to Improve and Protect the Lives of the People.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY

A tweet on “X” that displays the ignorance of the American public

This is Trump’s latest promise, which like all his promises (“Mexico will pay,” “I’ll replace Obamacare with a better plan”) were full-on lies, but makes a statement that those ignorant of federal finance will believe: Replacing income taxes with tariffs.

In one short phrase, it makes three false assumptions. They are:

  1. The federal government needs and uses income tax revenue (false)
  2. Tariffs cost you nothing. They are paid by the exporting nation (false)
  3. Trump will do as he says (false).

1 INCOME TAX: The federal government is Monetarily Sovereign. It invented the dollar, and by passing laws, it creates all the dollars it wants. So long as the government doesn’t run short of laws, it won’t unwillingly run short of dollars.

Alan Greenspan: “A government cannot become insolvent with respect to obligations in its own currency. There is nothing to prevent the federal government from creating as much money as it wants and paying it to somebody. The United States can pay any debt it has because we can always print the money to do that.”

Ben Bernanke: “The U.S. government has a technology, called a printing press (or, today, its electronic equivalent), that allows it to produce as many U.S. dollars as it wishes at essentially no cost. It’s not tax money… We simply use the computer to mark up the size of the account.

Jerome Powell “As a central bank, we have the ability to create money digitally.”

St. Louis Fed: “As the sole manufacturer of dollars, whose debt is denominated in dollars, the U.S. government can never become insolvent, i.e., unable to pay its bills. In this sense, the government is not dependent on credit markets to remain operational.” 

Of course, if the government passes silly laws, like the “debt limit” (which does not limit debt; it limits paying for existing debt), it can run short, but there is no way to overcome a foolish Congress and President.

The sole purpose of federal taxes is different from the purpose of monetarily non-sovereign state/local taxes.

Rather than funding spending, federal taxes:

A. Assure demand for the U.S. dollars by requiring taxes be paid in dollars.

B. Control the economy by taxing what the government wishes to discourage and giving tax breaks to those it wishes to reward.

C. At the behest of the rich, make the rich richer by widening the Gap between the rich and the rest. Contrary to popular wisdom, the rich pay a lower percentage of their income in taxes than you do.

By contrast, state/local taxes do fund state/local spending.

2 TARIFFS: Tariffs on, for instance, Chinese imports are not paid by Chinese sellers. They are paid by American buyers and passed on to you. Unfortunately, America’s rich hardly pay anything, which is why the Republicans support it.

The vast majority of tariffs are paid by you middle- and lower-income Americans. 

Substituting tariffs for income taxes would merely shift dollars from middle America to the rich.

3 TRUMP WILL DO AS HE PROMISES: You must be joking. He:

1 Attempted a coup
2 Waited 3 hours to end coup
3 Was fined $25 Million for cheating Trump U. students
4 Was fined $2 Million for fake Trump Foundation,
5 Was fined $5 Million for sexual abuse
6 Fined $83 Mil. for defamation
7 Cheated on 3 wives
8 Fined $150 thousand for Stormy Daniels
9 Stole classified material /refused to return it
10 Lied that COVID was just a common cold
11 Pushed fake COVID cures
12 Lied about vaccination
13 Draft dodger / fake heel spurs
14 Fake hurricane report with Sharpie
15 Was a multiple nepotist
16 Cheated casino employees out of wages
17 Lied about real estate worth
18 Cheated lenders with 6 bankruptcies
19 Admires dictators: Putin, Kim, Orban
20 Received $7.8 Million from foreign nations
21 Separated immigrant children from parents
22 Made anti-abortion multiple flip-flops
23 Is a multiple conspiracy monger
24 Is a hatemonger: blacks, browns, gays, Muslims, immigrants
25 Insults judges and prosecutors
26 Calls dead soldiers “suckers”
27 His kids received $2 Billion from Saudis
28 Faked results of his physical exam
29 Denies election results
30 Lost 60+ court rulings re. election results
31 Impeached twice.
32 Has eight close associates sentenced to prison.
33 Approves of a President murdering rivals
34 Spent more golf time than any President in history
35 Claimed global warming is a Chinese hoax
36 Pardoned 144 criminals on last day in office
37 Called convicted coup rioters, “patriots”
38 Called Nazi marchers “good people”
39 Told 30,000 lies in 4 years of Presidency
40 Denies knowledge of Project 2025
41 Over 26 Trump-related business failures
42 Failed/neglected to comply with/Fair Housing Act
43 Threatened to withdraw from NATO
44 Will eliminate funds for electric car incentives
45 Said he would be a dictator “for one day.”
46 Tried 60 times to eliminate Obamacare
47 Tried to ban Muslims from entering the US
48 Tried to end birthright for children born in the US
49 Will penalize schools that even discuss “woke.”
50 Encouraged illegal electoral college votes
51 Says, “If I lose, blame the Jews.”
52 Supports Mark Robinson, Holocaust denier
53 Dined with anti-Semite Nick Fuentes
54 Backs Marjorie ‘Jewish space lasers’ Greene
55 Pals with anti-Semite Kanye West
56 Lied that Pres. Obama was born in Kenya
57 Lied that Dems favor “post-birth abortions”
58 Lied that wind turbines cause cancer
59 Wants to deport millions like Hitler did
60 Told Proud Boys to “stand back and stand by”
61 Pretends to give to charity
62 Pretends to be religious
63 Had GOP vote against disaster funds for FEMA
64 Is a coward afraid to debate Kamala Harris.
65 Politically plans to take fire-fighting $ from CA.
66 Plans to use the US military against Americans
67 Promised that Mexico would pay for the wall
68 Asked Putin to investigate Hillary Clinton

For those of you too young to understand what caused WWII, know this: Trump is following the Hitler playbook. The German people thought it couldn’t happen there.

It happened because they let it happen.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell;

MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell;

https://www.academia.edu/

……………………………………………………………………..

The Sole Purpose of Government Is to Improve and Protect the Lives of the People.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY

Read about the strange relationship between opposites: Consciousness and free will

the brain
Where does consciousness reside? Everywhere

In “What is the Measure of Consciousness” and “Is A Rock Conscious? we take consciousness from its indescribable, unfindable, unscientific, mysterious, anthropomorphic foundations and move it to something that can be identified, measured, qualified, and quantified.

It allows us to move from seemingly simple questions that cannot be answered — “Is this conscious?” and if so, “How conscious?” — and provide a straightforward answer.

“It is conscious, and its consciousness can be determined and measured by its response to stimuli.

Since everything, from an electron to the universe responds to stimuli, everything is conscious, the measure being the quantity and quality of the stimuli and the responses.

In Does Free Will Exist?” and “More about non-existent free will,” we remind the reader that the brain—what you think, believe, and do—is affected by chemicals and electrical signals.

So, we cannot claim  free will when continually exposed to such chemicals as Cortisol, Thyroid Hormones, Estrogen and Testosterone, Insulin. Melatonin, Serotonin, Dopamine. Ghrelin, Leptin, Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine, along with physical exhaustion, thirst, hunger, odors, sound, touch, pain, temperature, disease, age, and all the other physical and psychological inputs.

free will
Where is free will? Nowhere.

You cannot know the current effects of all those inputs at any point in time, much less filter them out to arrive at purely “free will.”

The inescapable conclusion is that while, to some degree, everything is conscious, nothing has free will.

Yet they are intuitively related, sometimes in the reverse. That is, our intuition says that many things are not conscious and many things do have free will.

As the history of human thought, and specifically the recent Relativity and Quantum Mechanics theories, have taught us, our intuition is not reality.

Intuition works reasonably well when helping us survive in our limited lifestyles, but it is a complete bust when we try to discover the secrets of the universe.

Very few things are as they seem to us.

The stars, sun, and moon do not rotate around us. Nothing can exceed the speed of light, though entangled particles seem to do it.

When we go very fast, we age slower and lengthen, and very small things can be in two places simultaneously.

And if those weren’t weird enough, our mere observation can change reality.

There is a commonality among consciousness, free will, Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics. All involve intuition.

Intuition is that gut feeling or instinctive knowing without the need for conscious reasoning. It’s like a mental shortcut that helps you make decisions quickly.

Think of it as your brain drawing on past experiences, patterns, and subconscious cues to guide you, often without you even realizing it.

Historically, arguments about the existence of consciousness and free will have been based on “my intuition is better than your intuition, not on what we consider scientific reasoning.

The people who have told me that free will does exist are absolutely positive about this. Why? They feel they are free to make their own decisions.

However, they cannot know how chemicals and physical sensing impact their judgment and decision-making. They are like people who have never been away from home, arguing against the existence of homesickness. The brain cannot tell what effects have changed it.

They do not know what they cannot know.

No brain can process all available information, so brains take shortcuts and make assumptions. The brain survives by filling the sensory blanks with illusions.

The brain cannot process its inner workings. It receives electronic inputs related to light, sound, and touch. It creates illusions about what those inputs mean, then sends signals to itself and other parts of the body based on interpretations of the illusions.

We name that translation “consciousness.”

The problem occurs when you get to specifics.

Question: Is a bee conscious?

AI Answer: Consciousness involves awareness of oneself and the environment. While bees exhibit complex behaviors and communication skills, whether they possess consciousness similar to humans is still debated. They operate on instinct and learned behaviors but don’t seem to have self-awareness.

Question: Do bees play?:

Answer: If bumblebees can play, does it mean they have feelings? This study suggests yes

The industrious insects can count and alter their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists say there’s proof they also like to play. A study recently published in Animal Behavior suggests that bumblebees, when given the chance, like to fool around with toys.

Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could opt to pass through a separate section with a smattering of small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive to do so.”

The study’s first author, Samadi Galpayage, at Queen Mary University of London, added that it is yet more evidence that insects may be capable of experiencing feelings.

“They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if rudimentary like other larger animals do.

The finding suggests that insects, like humans, interact with inanimate objects as a form of play. Similar to people, younger bees seemed to be more playful than adult bees.

drowsy
We do not know which thousands of stimuli affect our feelings, beliefs, decisions, and actions at any given moment.

SUMMARY

While people may equate free will with consciousness, the two are mutually exclusive.

The measure of consciousness is reaction to stimuli, but reacting to stimuli eliminates freedom of will.

If reactions to stimuli define and measure consciousness, then everything that reacts is conscious on some level.

And if “free will” means being unaffected by external and internal influences, it cannot exist. Nothing is immune to inputs.

Rodger Malcolm Mitchell

PS As I was writing this, I became very drowsy and was going to quit. Hey, I’m nearly 90 years old.

But I drank a can of Celsius, which contains lots of “B” vitamins, plus the equivalent of two cups of coffee. All those chemicals made my drowsiness evaporate, so I’m able to finish this post.

One might argue that my “free will” let me continue, but that doesn’t consider all the other things going on in my body — all the medicines, breakfast foods, temperature, the comfort of my chair, etc. — that made me keep writing.

Free will is a placebo, an illusion, though a pretty strong one. Monetary Sovereignty

Twitter: @rodgermitchell

Search #monetarysovereignty

Facebook: Rodger Malcolm Mitchell;

MUCK RACK: https://muckrack.com/rodger-malcolm-mitchell; https://www.academia.edu/

……………………………………………………………………..

The Sole Purpose of Government Is to Improve and Protect the Lives of the People.

MONETARY SOVEREIGNTY