Because the odds favor them, not by a lot on any individual bet — that would be too obvious to the bettors — but just by a little.
All the casinos need is a tiny margin, and if you make a lot of bets, you eventually will lose.
Your GPS stopped working. Which route will you take?
Imagine you are flipping an evenly balanced coin, and you bet $10 on each flip.
The house takes only one tiny cent per flip.
If you flip 100 times, on average, you’ll lose $1.00. That minuscule $.01 adds when you do something 100 times.
Now, rather than coin flips, let’s talk about decisions.
How many do you make each day? (Stand, sit, step, chew, inhale, what to wear, pee, business decisions, life decisions, etc., etc.)
Perhaps millions? Maybe billions?
And each of those decisions is influenced in your brain by such inputs as: Cortisol, Thyroid Hormones, Estrogen and Testosterone, Insulin. Melatonin, Serotonin, Dopamine. Ghrelin, Leptin, Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine, along with physical exhaustion, thirst, hunger, odors, sound, touch, pain, temperature, disease, age, and all the other physical and psychological inputs.
And any one of those decisions could change your life.
Examples: What you say to your boss, to your child, to your wife, whether to drive or walk, the route you take, what to eat for breakfast, whether to get a haircut, scratch an itch, play a game, wash your hands — the list is almost endless — and every single decision you make is influenced by a whole multitude of influences on your brain.
Given the massive number of decisions you make and how much each can influence your life and future choices (there is a multiplying effect), how much “free will” do you think you really have?
Read these excerpts from a recent Scientific American Magazine article:
Research suggests a range of psychological phenomena—such as our emotional state, dietand exercise habits, sexual activity and even color preferences—fluctuate throughout the year.
And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA demonstrates how moral values can also shift.
If all those decisions are affected by simple seasonal changes, imagine how much your decision-making is affected by thousands or millions of other inputs your brain receives every minute of every day.
For the study, researchers analyzed more than 230,000 online survey responses—a decade’s worth—from people in the U.S., along with smaller groups in Canada and Australia.
That is a huge study.
The questions were based on a standardized framework social scientists use to assess people’s judgments of right and wrong.
This framework, called moral foundations theory, sets up a taxonomy of “five pretty fundamental values that shape human social behavior,” says lead author Ian Hohm, a psychology graduate student at the University of British Columbia.
Is it possible? Why did you try? Why didn’t you?
Keep those words in mind: “Shape human social behavior.”
The framework considers loyalty (devotion to one’s own group), authority (respect for leaders and rules), and purity (cleanliness and piety) to be “binding” values that promote group cohesion and conformity.
It’s doubtful that anyone could question whether these values affect your decision-making.
These principles, often associated with political conservatism, consistently received weaker endorsements in summer and winter.
And in summer, the more extreme the seasonal weather differences, the more pronounced the effect.
One explanation for seasonal swings could be anxiety.
Using a 90,000-respondent survey dataset, as well as data on Internet search frequencies, the researchers found that anxiety levels also peak in spring and fall.
“There is a close relationship between anxiety and threat,” says University of Nottingham psychologist and study co-author Brian O’Shea.
Other studies have shown that people who feel more vulnerable to seasonal illnesses tend to be more distrustful, more xenophobic and more likely to conform to majority opinion.
Again, these have a strong influence on your decisions and actions, It’s fascinating how even subtle changes in our environment can impactour judgments and behaviors. (No “free will” there.)
“When you’re threatened,” O’Shea explains, “you then want to get protection from your in-group.” These findings suggest seasonal timing could affect jury decisions, vaccination campaigns—and even election outcomes, the study authors say.
People in juries feel they are making “free will” decisions. I “feel” (but I knowbetter) that my many decisions to be vaccinated and my voting were the result of my “free will.”
But, of course, they were not.
They were heavily influenced by massive numbers of inputs to my brain each minute.
Howard University psychologist Ivory A. Toldson, whose work involves practical applications of statistics, notes that the study relies on data from “Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD)” populations and cautions that generalizing from such results runs the risk of “overlooking the unique moral experiences of marginalized groups.”
In other words, he says everyone’s experiences (brain inputs) are different, which affects their decisions differently.
Hohm agrees that such a pattern wouldn’t affect everyone the same way but emphasizes that the study highlights the seasons’ effect on human psychology.
“One thing that this article is showing is that we are very seasonal creatures,” says Georgetown University School of Medicine psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, a leading expert on seasonal affective disorder who coined the term in the 1980s.
“The internal state definitely affects your behavior.”
It also shows us that “free will” does not exist. It is an illusion—a strong illusion—created by your brain to make sense of the gigantic number of inputs it continuously receives.
Even your decision to believe this, argue with this, or discuss it with someone is affected by every input your brain receives every minute of every day.
Have you ever said, “I didn’t feel like it, ” “I wasn’t in the mood, ” “It’s not worth the effort,” or “It’s too much hassle?”
That may have felt like free will, but it was the accumulation of inputs to your brain.
You do not control your brain; your brain controls you. You just don’t feel it because your brain doesn’t let you.
This is Trump’s latest promise, which like all his promises (“Mexico will pay,” “I’ll replace Obamacare with a better plan”) were full-on lies, but makes a statement that those ignorant of federal finance will believe: Replacing income taxes with tariffs.
In one short phrase, it makes three false assumptions. They are:
The federal government needs and uses income tax revenue (false)
Tariffs cost you nothing. They are paid by the exporting nation (false)
Trump will do as he says (false).
1 INCOME TAX: The federal government is Monetarily Sovereign. It invented the dollar, and by passing laws, it creates all the dollars it wants. So long as the government doesn’t run short of laws, it won’t unwillingly run short of dollars.
Alan Greenspan: “A government cannot become insolvent with respect to obligations in its own currency. There is nothing to prevent the federal government from creating as much money as it wants and paying it to somebody. The United States can pay any debt it has because we can always print the money to do that.”
Ben Bernanke: “The U.S. government has a technology, called a printing press (or, today, its electronic equivalent), that allows it to produce as many U.S. dollars as it wishes at essentially no cost. It’s not tax money… We simply use the computer to mark up the size of the account.
Jerome Powell “As a central bank, we have the ability to create money digitally.”
St. Louis Fed: “As the sole manufacturer of dollars, whose debt is denominated in dollars, the U.S. government can never become insolvent, i.e., unable to pay its bills. In this sense, the government is not dependent on credit markets to remain operational.”
Of course, if the government passes silly laws, like the “debt limit” (which does not limit debt; it limits paying for existing debt), it can run short, but there is no way to overcome a foolish Congress and President.
The sole purpose of federal taxes is different from the purpose of monetarily non-sovereign state/local taxes.
Rather than funding spending, federal taxes:
A. Assure demand for the U.S. dollars by requiring taxes be paid in dollars.
B. Control the economy by taxing what the government wishes to discourage and giving tax breaks to those it wishes to reward.
C. At the behest of the rich, make the rich richer by widening the Gap between the rich and the rest. Contrary to popular wisdom, the rich pay a lower percentage of their income in taxes than you do.
By contrast, state/local taxes do fund state/local spending.
2 TARIFFS: Tariffs on, for instance, Chinese imports are not paid by Chinese sellers. They are paid by American buyers and passed on to you. Unfortunately, America’s rich hardly pay anything, which is why the Republicans support it.
The vast majority of tariffs are paid by you middle- and lower-income Americans.
Substituting tariffs for income taxes would merely shift dollars from middle America to the rich.
3 TRUMP WILL DO AS HE PROMISES: You must be joking. He:
1 Attempted a coup 2 Waited 3 hours to end coup 3 Was fined $25 Million for cheating Trump U. students 4 Was fined $2 Million for fake Trump Foundation, 5 Was fined $5 Million for sexual abuse 6 Fined $83 Mil. for defamation 7 Cheated on 3 wives 8 Fined $150 thousand for Stormy Daniels 9 Stole classified material /refused to return it 10 Lied that COVID was just a common cold 11 Pushed fake COVID cures 12 Lied about vaccination 13 Draft dodger / fake heel spurs 14 Fake hurricane report with Sharpie 15 Was a multiple nepotist 16 Cheated casino employees out of wages 17 Lied about real estate worth 18 Cheated lenders with 6 bankruptcies 19 Admires dictators: Putin, Kim, Orban 20 Received $7.8 Million from foreign nations 21 Separated immigrant children from parents 22 Made anti-abortion multiple flip-flops 23 Is a multiple conspiracy monger 24 Is a hatemonger: blacks, browns, gays, Muslims, immigrants 25 Insults judges and prosecutors 26 Calls dead soldiers “suckers” 27 His kids received $2 Billion from Saudis 28 Faked results of his physical exam 29 Denies election results 30 Lost 60+ court rulings re. election results 31 Impeached twice. 32 Has eight close associates sentenced to prison. 33 Approves of a President murdering rivals 34 Spent more golf time than any President in history 35 Claimed global warming is a Chinese hoax 36 Pardoned 144 criminals on last day in office 37 Called convicted coup rioters, “patriots” 38 Called Nazi marchers “good people” 39 Told 30,000 lies in 4 years of Presidency 40 Denies knowledge of Project 2025 41 Over 26 Trump-related business failures 42 Failed/neglected to comply with/Fair Housing Act 43 Threatened to withdraw from NATO 44 Will eliminate funds for electric car incentives 45 Said he would be a dictator “for one day.” 46 Tried 60 times to eliminate Obamacare 47 Tried to ban Muslims from entering the US 48 Tried to end birthright for children born in the US 49 Will penalize schools that even discuss “woke.” 50 Encouraged illegal electoral college votes 51 Says, “If I lose, blame the Jews.” 52 Supports Mark Robinson, Holocaust denier 53 Dined with anti-Semite Nick Fuentes 54 Backs Marjorie ‘Jewish space lasers’ Greene 55 Pals with anti-Semite Kanye West 56 Lied that Pres. Obama was born in Kenya 57 Lied that Dems favor “post-birth abortions” 58 Lied that wind turbines cause cancer 59 Wants to deport millions like Hitler did 60 Told Proud Boys to “stand back and stand by” 61 Pretends to give to charity 62 Pretends to be religious 63 Had GOP vote against disaster funds for FEMA 64 Is a coward afraid to debate Kamala Harris. 65 Politically plans to take fire-fighting $ from CA. 66 Plans to use the US military against Americans 67 Promised that Mexico would pay for the wall 68 Asked Putin to investigate Hillary Clinton
For those of you too young to understand what caused WWII, know this: Trump is following the Hitler playbook. The German people thought it couldn’t happen there.
In “What is the Measure of Consciousness” and “Is A Rock Conscious?“ we take consciousness from its indescribable, unfindable, unscientific, mysterious, anthropomorphic foundations and move it to something that can be identified, measured, qualified, and quantified.
It allows us to move from seemingly simple questions that cannot be answered — “Is this conscious?”and if so, “How conscious?”— and provide a straightforward answer.
“It is conscious, and its consciousness can be determined and measured by its response to stimuli.
Since everything, from an electron to the universe responds to stimuli, everything is conscious, the measure being the quantity and quality of the stimuli and the responses.
In “Does Free Will Exist?” and “More about non-existent free will,” we remind the reader that the brain—what you think, believe, and do—is affected by chemicals and electrical signals.
So, we cannot claim free will when continually exposed to such chemicals as Cortisol, Thyroid Hormones, Estrogen and Testosterone, Insulin. Melatonin, Serotonin, Dopamine. Ghrelin, Leptin, Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine, along with physical exhaustion, thirst, hunger, odors, sound, touch, pain, temperature, disease, age, and all the other physical and psychological inputs.
Where is free will? Nowhere.
You cannot know the current effects of all those inputs at any point in time, much less filter them out to arrive at purely “free will.”
The inescapable conclusion is that while, to some degree, everything is conscious, nothing has free will.
Yet they are intuitively related, sometimes in the reverse. That is, our intuition says that many things are not conscious and many things do have free will.
As the history of human thought, and specifically the recent Relativity and Quantum Mechanics theories, have taught us, our intuition is not reality.
Intuition works reasonably well when helping us survive in our limited lifestyles, but it is a complete bust when we try to discover the secrets of the universe.
Very few things are as they seem to us.
The stars, sun, and moon do not rotate around us. Nothing can exceed the speed of light, though entangled particles seem to do it.
When we go very fast, we age slower and lengthen, and very small things can be in two places simultaneously.
And if those weren’t weird enough, our mere observation can change reality.
There is a commonality among consciousness, free will, Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics. All involve intuition.
Intuition is that gut feeling or instinctive knowing without the need for conscious reasoning. It’s like a mental shortcut that helps you make decisions quickly.
Think of it as your brain drawing on past experiences, patterns, and subconscious cues to guide you, often without you even realizing it.
Historically, arguments about the existence of consciousness and free will have been based on “my intuition is better than your intuition,“ not on what we consider scientific reasoning.
The people who have told me that free will does exist are absolutely positive about this. Why? They feel they are free to make their own decisions.
However, they cannot know how chemicals and physical sensing impact their judgment and decision-making. They are like people who have never been away from home, arguing against the existence of homesickness. The brain cannot tell what effects have changed it.
They do not know what they cannot know.
No brain can process all available information, so brains take shortcuts and make assumptions. The brain survives by filling the sensory blanks with illusions.
The brain cannot process its inner workings. It receives electronic inputs related to light, sound, and touch. It creates illusions about what those inputs mean, then sends signals to itself and other parts of the body based on interpretations of the illusions.
We name that translation “consciousness.”
The problem occurs when you get to specifics.
Question: Is a bee conscious?
AI Answer: Consciousness involves awareness of oneself and the environment. While bees exhibit complex behaviors and communication skills, whether they possess consciousness similar to humans is still debated. They operate on instinct and learned behaviors but don’t seem to have self-awareness.
The industrious insects can count and alter their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists say there’s proof they also like to play. A study recently published in Animal Behavior suggests that bumblebees, when given the chance, like to fool around with toys.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could opt topass through a separate section with a smattering of small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive to do so.”
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpayage, at Queen Mary University of London, added that it is yet more evidence that insects may be capable of experiencing feelings.
“They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if rudimentary like other larger animals do.
The finding suggests that insects, like humans, interact with inanimate objects as a form of play. Similar to people, younger bees seemed to be more playful than adult bees.
We do not know which thousands of stimuli affect our feelings, beliefs, decisions, and actions at any given moment.
SUMMARY
While people may equate free will with consciousness, the two are mutually exclusive.
The measure of consciousness is reaction to stimuli, but reacting to stimuli eliminates freedom of will.
If reactions to stimuli define and measure consciousness, then everything that reacts is conscious on some level.
And if “free will” means being unaffected by external and internal influences, it cannot exist. Nothing is immune to inputs.
Rodger Malcolm Mitchell
PS As I was writing this, I became very drowsy and was going to quit. Hey, I’m nearly 90 years old.
But I drank a can of Celsius, which contains lots of “B” vitamins, plus the equivalent of two cups of coffee. All those chemicals made my drowsiness evaporate, so I’m able to finish this post.
One might argue that my “free will” let me continue, but that doesn’t consider all the other things going on in my body — all the medicines, breakfast foods, temperature, the comfort of my chair, etc. — that made me keep writing.
Free will is a placebo, an illusion, though a pretty strong one.
Monetary Sovereignty
America is in its greatest danger since the Civil War. If the Republican Party has its way, America will cease to exist as a democratic republic and devolve into an agglomeration of individual fighting states and fiefdoms.
Elections are the heart and soul of our democracy. If the people don’t believe an election is honest, a democratic nation disappears.
If you don’t want America to have a democracy or to be the UNITED States of America, Trump’s GOP is the party for you.
Read about the danger here:
Republicans cast doubt on the 2024 election.By Clara Ence Morse, Derek Hawkins and Carson TerBushOctober 23, 2024 at 7:00 a.m. EDTTrump’s and Putin’s AmericaNearly half of Republican candidates for Congress or top state offices have used social media to cast doubt on the integrity of the 2024 election, according to a Washington Post analysis, highlighting a pervasive effort within the GOP to undermine public trust in the vote ahead of Nov. 5.From Nov. 9, 2022, to Oct. 11, at least 236 Republican candidates posted or amplified a range of falsehoods or misinformation about election malfeasance. Many candidates baselessly accused Democrats of trying to sway the election through former president Donald Trump’s court cases or by registering noncitizens to vote. Others falsely likened Vice President Kamala Harris’s nomination to a “coup” or promoted misinformation about voter fraud.Of the 48 percent of Republican candidates who have promoted false or misleading information about the 2024 election about two out of three referenced noncitizen voting in connection with 2024 election fraud, about half referenced Trump’s legal troubles, and almost a quarter discussed Harris’s nomination as a coup, undemocratic or disrespectful to the will of primary voters.The rhetoric, which often parrots Trump’s election-related falsehoods, could help lay the groundwork for Republicans to challenge any election outcome they dislike by alleging the results are tainted or fraudulent.First they burn the books; then they burn your votes.“Even after the horrific sights of January 6, endorsing Trump’s baseless claims about election fraud had become a litmus test for any Republican who hopes to secure political seats,” said Yotam Ophir, an expert on political misinformation at the University at Buffalo. “Leaders cannot govern if the public fails to agree on the importance of facts and evidence, and by endorsing Trump’s election falsehoods, Republicans are breaking away from the values and norms of democracy, without which it cannot survive.”Polling shows that most Americans trust their local and state officials to run fair and reliable elections. But Republican messaging that challenges the legitimacy of elections appears to have resonated with the GOP base, a considerable portion of which wrongly believes that Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election because of voter fraud.Even though voter fraud is rare — due in part to the layers of verification involved in tallying the results — an overwhelming majority of self-identified Trump supporters said they’re concerned there will be fraud this year, according to a NPR/PBS News/Marist poll this month. That’s compared with less than a third among voters who say they support Harris. A separate poll by Gallup showed trust in the results was sharply divided on party lines, with just 28 percent of Republicans saying they were confident the vote would be counted accurately, compared with 84 percent of Democrats.America without electionsHere are the four main ways in which Republican candidates have tried to cast doubt on the 2024 election:Noncitizen votingRepublicans have long argued that Trump’s criminal and civil cases are a form of election interference orchestrated by Democrats, but as his court proceedings moved to the back burner this year, many turned to noncitizen voting as a way to sow distrust in the election.Nearly a third of Republican candidates — at least 153 — have explicitly linked noncitizen voting to election fraud, making it the largest category examined, according to The Post’s analysis. Their posts generally revolve around the unfounded notion that Democrats are allowing undocumented immigrants into the country and registering them to vote. Trump has made similar baseless accusations in dozens of speeches. Noncitizen voting is illegal in state and federal elections, and research shows it happens rarely.Posting on the issue spiked over the summer as the House considered the Save Act, a bill that would mandate proof of citizenship when registering to vote (the Biden administration and many Democrats opposed the bill, saying it risked disenfranchising eligible voters without adding meaningful protections against noncitizen voting). It also coincided with a flurry of posting about noncitizen voting by billionaire Elon Musk, who owns the social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter. His posts were mentioned or retweeted by dozens of candidates.Notes marked with fact-check provide additional context for the candidates’ social media posts.Republicans are linking noncitizen voting to election fraudGOP’s Americafact-checkThere is no evidence to support the suggestion in the three posts below that noncitizen voting is widespread. Independent research and voter roll reviews by state officials have repeatedly shown that noncitizen voting is rare. Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, Harris’s running mate, signed a law in 2023 allowing undocumented immigrants to obtain driver’s licenses, saying it would improve safety on the roads, but there is no credible evidence that Walz or other Democrats are seeking to tilt the election by registering migrants to vote. Noncitizen voting is illegal in state and federal elections, and many safeguards are in place to prevent it from happening.Trump’s court cases and ‘election interference’Trump is running for president while under indictment in two jurisdictions and awaiting sentencing on 34 felony convictions in another.It’s unprecedented, and about 1 in 4 Republican candidates have baselessly argued in social media posts that his court cases amount to a political sabotage designed to keep him out of office. At least 120 candidates have explicitly likened his prosecutions to “election interference,” a term generally used to describe an attempt to alter an election by force, corruption or foreign intervention.Trump’s federal indictments — one of which has since been thrown out — were secured by special counsel Jack Smith, who was appointed to avoid conflicts of interest in investigating the former president and handle the case with more independence from the Department of Justice than other federal prosecutors receive. State prosecutors filed Trump’s other cases.Why Putin wants Trump to winfact-check The following posts falsely suggest that Trump’s federal charges were part of a conspiracy by Democrats to keep him out of office. Claims that President Biden was involved in a bribery scheme have been discredited, and the FBI informant who raised the allegations has been charged with lying to authorities. And the judge in Trump’s hush money case only imposed a gag order after Trump publicly criticized prosecutors, witnesses and jurors.A Harris ‘coup’Over the summer, when Democrats tapped Harris to replace Biden as the Democratic nominee, Trump and a chorus of Republicans began falsely labeling the move a “coup.” Trump, who until that point boasted that he would coast to victory against Biden, described Harris’s ascent, falsely, as an “overthrow” and evidence of a “rigged” contest.At least 53 Republican candidates have used similar language about Harris’s nomination, according to The Post’s analysis, alleging that Democrats subverted the will of millions of Americans who voted for Biden in the primaries and, as a result, have unfairly put their thumb on the presidential contest.fact-check Replacing Biden at the top of the Democratic ticket was lawful and allowed under party rules, contrary to what the following three posts claim. After Biden dropped out, he endorsed Harris for president. Soon after, she gained the nearly unanimous support from delegates to the Democratic National Convention, who were free under party rules to vote for her.A misinformation grab bagAt least 112 Republican candidates made other false or unsubstantiated claims about election integrity.Trump’s and Putin’s AmericaSome promoted specific unfounded conspiracy theories popular on the right related to mail ballots or voter roll maintenance. Others called back to the 2020 or 2022 elections, alleging a pattern of voter fraud they believe will continue in 2024. And many of these candidates used “election interference” as a catchall accusation against the media, technology companies and Democrats.Other ways Republicans are sowing doubt on the electionFlorida U.S. senator Rick Scott: We must protect the integrity of American Democracy and stop left-wing efforts to rig elections so they can pass their radical agenda.fact-checkSen. Rick Scott links to a website that contains numerous false or misleading claims about voting. None of the Democrat-led voting rights initiatives on the site have been linked to increased fraudulent voting, and claims of vote-rigging have been repeatedly debunked.Texas U.S. senator Ted Cruz: Google is an enemy of democracy and truth. And now, by covering up news about the attempted assassination of Donald Trump, Google has become an enemy of reality. This is election interference.fact-checkIt is true that Google did not autocomplete some searches related to the attempted assassination of Trump in Butler, Pennsylvania, immediately following the shooting, but there is no evidence that this was related to election interference. Google said the searches were not autocompleted because of protections on searches related to violence.Running for U.S. Senate in Rhode Island, Patricia Morgan: You’ve gotta be kidding me Rhode Island Deputy Secretary of State won’t admit that the pandemic is over. Even Joe Biden figured that one out! uring the pandemic, Rhode Island—like many states—introduced these drop-off ballot boxes as a supposedly temporary measure. Yet, here we are, the pandemic is in fact long over, and yet we are still using them. These drop off boxes aren’t about making voting easier for the average Rhode Islander; no, they’re about greasing the wheels for the left’s underhanded tactics. The left doesn’t believe for a second that they can earn your vote fairly, so they resort to rigging the game with these drop off ballot boxes.The RI Secretary of State’s office seem to have their priorities twisted. Instead of standing firm to ensure our elections are safe and secure, they’re bending over backward to keep the doors wide open for ballot harvesting operations. It’s not about making elections more accessible; it’s about leaving them wide open to influence and interference.Trump’s and Putin’s Americafact-checkFraud involving mail ballots is rare, and drop box locations take various security measures, such as monitoring boxes with video cameras, to ensure the integrity of the ballots. The Biden administration and the World Health Organization each declared an end to the public health emergency for the coronavirus pandemic last year, but the virus continues to evolve and periodically surge.Casting doubt on election integrity is more than just a campaign tactic. If Trump loses in November, he and his allies may use the election misinformation they have spent years promoting to stir protests, fuel litigation, and pressure lawmakers and election certifiers to deliver a result in his favor.“It will be false, but it is very dangerous,” said Jeff Greenburg, a former county elections director in Pennsylvania, “because it could incite people to harass or threaten election officials, or even worse commit acts of violence — all as a result of believing a totally secure election was stolen.”Clara Ence Morse is a political data reporter at The Washington Post. She joined The Post as the Investigative Reporting Workshop intern with the Data team, and previously served as the editor in chief of the Columbia Daily Spectator. She lives in Washington, D.C.@ccemorse
#Monetary Sovereignty - Mitchell 